제주 조천지역의 근대 민족운동 형태의 변화과정

Abstract

Under the great virtue of making Jeju an 'Island of peace and coexistence', it is easy to cover the conflict and tragic nature of the 4⋅3 outbreak, which is intertwined with complex issues. It is necessary to be careful not to be absorbed in merely revealing who the victims are. Most of the 4⋅3 studies so far limited the time period for 4⋅3 from around 1947 to the time when the ban on entry to Mt. Halla was lifted in 1954. This sort of disconnected period division hinders attempts to consider the activities of the 4⋅3 incident related persons, especially the militia groups of Jeju or those who helped them, or to explore their intentions. This study focused on the fact that the national anti-Japanese movement in Jeju Island during the late Joseon and Japanese occupation was linked to political activities immediately after independence of August, and some of them became victims of the 4⋅3 incident. In particular, the reasons for the review focusing on the Jocheon region and the Jocheon Kim’s Family are as follows. First, the Jocheon Manse Movement started centering on them, and a large number of national anti-Japanese activists were produced from the descendants of these families. Second, activists from the Jocheon area, such as Kim Myung-sik, Koh Sun-heum, and Kim Moon-jun, maintained close relations with each other, and each stood out in the early socialism, anarchism, education and labor movements of Jeju Island and influenced many youths in Jeju. Third, since the 1920s, the activities of the Jocheon branch of the Jeju Youth League were prominent among the entire Jeju region. The youth movement, the women’s enlightenment movement, and the Shinjwa(Jocheon) consumption association were the focus of the consumer union movement, the operation of the Shinjwa library, and the labor night school were actively carried out, and the Japanese police observed them. Finally, looking at the situation of protest rallies and demonstrations by towns and villages after the March 1st firing incident in 1947, the first street demonstration started, the number of people attending the demonstration procession in Jocheon-myeon reached 2,000 to 3,000, and Jocheon Middle School teachers and activists from Jocheon were specially targeted by the central government’s army and police at the time of the 4⋅3 incident. To this end, The types of social movements of the characters were classified by generation, centering on the Jocheon Kim’s Family. In Chapter 2, the origins of the national anti-Japanese movement in Jocheon area during the Japanese colonial period, which led anti-Japanese activities such as the Jocheon Manse Movement, were found in the ideological characteristics of Confucian scholars in Jeju Island in the late Joseon Dynasty. Chapter 3 examines how the ideology of Confucian scholars has been connected and changed to future generations by analyzing the descendants and disciples of Confucian scholars in the Jocheon region of the late Joseon Dynasty. and Chapter 4 examines the activities of the Jocheon region activists from the 1920s to the US military rule after liberation by examining the people who are related to the Jocheon Kim’s Family. Through this, it can be seen that the resistance personality of this region is connected to the academic veins of Confucian scholars in the late Joseon Dynasty, the Jocheon Manse Movement, the school establishment movement during the Japanese colonial period, and the labor movement in Japan. In particular, starting with the Jocheon Manse Movement, the basic ideology of the resistance movement changed from Confucianism to socialism. The subject also changed from Confucian scholars to young intellectuals who studied modern universities. However, the national spirit continued unbroken from sons and grandchildren, from teachers to disciples. Of course, more research is needed to explain the relationship between the anti-Japanese movement of intellectuals during the Japanese colonial period and the occurrence of the 4⋅3 incident. However, unlike previous studies, which focused mainly on the post-liberation period, it is important to examine the relationship between the national spirit of Jeju Confucian scholars in the late Joseon Dynasty, the resistance movement between Jeju and Japan during the Japanese colonial period, and the 4‧3 Incident. These efforts will help understand the contemporary choices of the militia groups of Jeju with a complex spectrum.