범죄피해에 대한 공포의 원인과 여성 : 성폭력범죄의 두려움과 여성의 범죄에 대한 공포는 관련이 있는가?
Gender and Fear of Crime : Assessing the Impact of Fear of Sexual Assaults on Women's Fear of Crime
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본 연구는 여성의 높은 범죄피해의 공포가 여성의 성폭력범죄피해에 대한 두려움이 다른 종류의 범죄피해에 대한 두려움으로까지 확대되어 나타난 현상이라고 설명하고 있는 Ferraro(1995;1996)의 "성폭력의 그림자 명제(the shadow of sexual assault thesis)"과 국내와 외국의 선행연구모델들을 적용하여 직접적인 성폭력범죄피해의 공포가 개별적인 유형의 범죄피해의 공포를 증가시키는데 어떠한 역할을 하고 있는가를 다양한 범죄피해를 유발하는 요소들과 함께 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 총 348명의 서울시민여성의 설문데이터가 사용되었다. 연구의 분석을 위해서는 네 가지 종류의 범죄피해의 공포, 폭력범죄, 집밖에서의 강도, 집안에서의 강도, 그리고 소매치기범죄피해의 공포를 구분하여 다수의 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 분석결과, 성폭력범죄피해의 공포는 연구에서 사용된 다른 범죄피해공포에 영향을 주는 요인보다도 네 가지 종류의 범죄의 공포에 가장 강력하고 영향력 있는 요인이라는 것이 밝혀졌다. 연구결과를 근거로, 본 연구는 서울의 여성을 대상으로 한 연구에서도 성폭력범죄피해의 공포는 “지배적인 범죄로써(master offense)” 다른 범죄에 대한 공포, 특히 여성으로서 겪을 수 있는 다양한 범죄피해를 연상시키는 “그림자(shadow)”와 같은 역할을 하고 있으며, 따라서 "성폭력의 그림자 명제(the shadow of sexual assault thesis)" 이 한국의 여성에게도 적용이 가능하다고 결론을 내렸다. 또한 본 연구는 여성의 성폭력범죄피해의 공포가 다른 범죄의 공포와 어떠한 관련이 있는가, 그리고 여성의 범죄의 공포를 감소하여 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 여성들이 가지고 있는 성폭력범죄피해의 공포를 완화시키는 데 여러 가지 정책적 노력이 필요하다는 연구결론을 내릴 수 있는 객관적 자료를 제시한다.
Abstract
This study attempts to examine the applicability of Ferraro's (1995;1996) “the shadow of sexual assault thesis” proposing higher level of women's fear of sexual assaults heightens their fear of victimizations to other crimes for women in Seoul. Also, this study utilized various correlates of fear of crime examined in the previous studies. Using self-reported data from a sample of 348 women in Seoul, this study utilized multiple regression analyses on four different types of fear of crime, such as violent assaults, robbery on the streets, burglary, pick-pocket. The results of this study show that fear of sexual assaults substantially influenced these four types of fear of crimes, violent assaults, robbery on the streets, burglary, pick-pocket as predicted by the thesis. These findings give substantial support to the shadow thesis: the fear of sexual assaults may operates as "a master offense" predicting their fear of other crimes. Also, the findings of this study suggests that the shadow of sexual assault thesis is appliable for the women in Korea. Policy implications of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop gender-specific public policy to reduce the fear of crime among women.
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