여성의 성범죄두려움에 미치는 요인에 관한 연구
A Study on Factors to Affect Women's Fear for Sex Crimes
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초록
이 연구에서는 성범죄피해경험과 지역환경, 무질서, 지역유대 등의 지역특성,그리고 경찰활동, 성범죄정책 등의 변수가 여성의 성범죄두려움에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 특히 경찰활동과 성범죄정책이 매개변수로 작용할 때 그 효과를검증하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 즉 매개효과를 통해 경찰활동, 성범죄정책 등이성범죄두려움의 감소를 위한 중요요인임을 밝히고자 한다. 분석결과, 먼저 성범죄피해경험, 지역환경, 무질서, 지역유대 중 경찰활동 및성범죄정책 등에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 순찰활동에서는 무질서와 지역유대,경찰의 범죄예방활동에서는 간접 성범죄피해경험과 무질서가 가장 유의미한 요인으로 나타났다. 그러나 일반적인 견해와는 달리 간접 성범죄피해경험이 범죄예방활동에 대해 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경찰신뢰도에서는 무질서와 지역유대, 성범죄정책에서는 직접 성범죄피해경험과 지역유대가 유의미한영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 경찰활동 및 성범죄정책 등에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 무질서와 지역유대가 어느 정도 일관성 있는 결과를 보여주었다. 다음으로 여성에게 성범죄두려움을 불러일으키는 요인으로 직ㆍ간접 성범죄피해경험과 무질서 등이 나타났다. 이 연구의 주요 과제인 성범죄피해경험, 지역환경, 무질서, 지역유대와 경찰활동, 성범죄정책의 매개관계는 밝혀지지 않았다. 그러나 실제 자신이 경험한 범죄피해나 범죄발생률보다 지역 내 무질서 등의 문제가 여성에게 있어 성범죄두려움을 불러일으킬 수 있는 중요요인임을 발견할 수 있었다. 따라서 이 연구결과를 통해 여성의 성범죄두려움을 감소시키기위해서는 경찰 및 사법기관뿐만 아니라 지역사회가 주도적으로 노력해야 함을강조할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study set out to investigate the influences of various variables,which include experience of falling victim to a sex crime, local environment, disorder, community ties, police activities, and sex crime policies, on women's fear for sex crimes and test the effects of police activities and sex crime policies as mediating variables. That is, it aimed to demonstrate that police activities and sex crime policies are important factors in reducing fear for sex crimes through mediating effects. As for analysis results, the factors to affect police activities and sex crime policies were identified among experience of falling victim to a sex crime, local environment, disorder, and community ties. Disorder and community ties turned out to be the most significant factors on patrol activities, and second-hand experience of falling victim to a sex crime and disorder for the police's activities to prevent crimes. Unlike the common view, however, second-hand experience of falling victim to a sex crime had negative impacts on activities to prevent crimes. Disorder and community ties had significant influences on trust in the police, and first-hand experience of falling victim to a sex crime and community ties on sex crime policies. In short, disorder and community ties generated somewhat consistent results as factors to affect police activities and sex crime policies. Then the study identified first- and second-hand experience of falling victim to a sex crime and disorder as the factors to cause fear for sex crimes in women. Although the study failed to illuminate mediating relationships between experience of falling victim to a sex crime, local environment, disorder, and community ties and police activities and sex crime policies, which is one of the major tasks, it found that disorder in the community could cause fear for sex crimes in women rather than their first-hand experience of falling victim to a crime or crime rates. The research findings emphasize a need for the community as well as the police and the machinery of law to make leading efforts in order to help women reduce their fear for sex crimes.
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