미국의 지대추구적 통상 정책: 공격적 일방주의와 FTA 확산정책
The U.S. Trade Policy of Rents-Seeking FTA Strategy
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초록
1990년대 중반 이후 급격히 확산되고 있는 FTA는 미국의 지역주의적 통상 정책의 적극적 추진이 중요 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 기존의 연구들은 미국의 지역주의 통상 전략을 패권의 쇠퇴에 따른 정책적 대응으로 파악하여 국내정치적 동인을 제대로 규명하지 못하고 있다. 이 글은 현재 미국의 FTA 정책은 정책적 동기와 국내적 지지 기반에서 1980년대의 공격적 일방주의와 상당한 유사성을 띄고 있음을 밝힌다. 1980년대부터 새로운 정책 연합 집단으로 부상한 거대기업들의 지대추구(rent-seeking) 동기는 1980년대의 301조 통상 정책, 1990년대부터 현재까지는 FTA의 확산 정책을 지지하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 지대추구를 위한 미국의 통상 정책상의 변화는 자유무역의 주춧돌로 작용하리라는 주장과는 달리 자유무역체제의 미래에 불안 요인으로 작용할 가능성을 내포하고 있다.
Abstract
The U.S. recently vigorously pursues Free Trade Agreements with various countries and FTAs are said to be building blocks for a freer trade regime. However, there exists little evidence to show that regionalism led by the U.S. help bring about welfare gains. The U.S. FTA policy is a rents-seeking trade policy strongly supported by export industry groups. The policy is to enhance foreign market accessibility via bilateral negotiation settings. This FTA strategy shares the same policy goal that aggressive unilateralism embodied in the section 301 trade policy in the 1980s. This article provides preliminary evidence to show that the initial purpose of the U.S. FTA policy is rents-seeking motivation of special interest groups.
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