한말 경기도 사립학교설립운동의 전개와 성격

Abstract

The first modern education in Gyeonggi province originated from Younghwa Girls’ School established by Mrs. Johns(wife of a minister of Naeri Church, Wonsi Jo, Rev.George Heber Jones) in 1892. In the early stage she couldn’t bear fruit because of the lack of understanding of modern education and a cool response from residents. However, as religious influence expanded and the number of students increased, she could lay the foundation for a modern educational institution. The sense of crisis after the second Korean-Japanese Agreement in 1905 concluded with the spread of the modern education. Younghwa girls’ school, Samil Girls’ School, Miriheum Girls’ School and others led the education of women in the province as well as were the center of the modern education of women in Korea. They became a factor to make women aware of their social existence going further than a regional level. A campaign to establish private schools in Gyeonggi province confronting Japanese colonization maneuvers developed as part of restoration movement of national rights. The spread of the theory of compulsory education was a detonator to induce people of the day to participate in the campaign. Ganghwahagmoohoi(Ganghwa Society of School Affairs), yoyookchonghoi(Gaeseong General Society of Education) were the leading organizations for the campaign. As private schools in Ganghwa island centering around Bochang School established 56 branch schools in 56 school districts, Gyeonggi province, desire for education became excited. Bochang School could repeatedly develop as a national educational institution representing the period of the Korean Empire. A joint sports meeting was the place for collecting public opinion of a community and a educational field to make participants experience the situation of the times. Military way of physical exercises like military drill and a mock cavalry battle and others at the joint sports meeting presented the way that national education based on the completion of scholarship and the marital arts aimed at. The contents of an oratorical meeting and a lecture meeting held after the sports meeting partially included social responsibility. A national debt compensation campaign spread competitively could progress under such a change and this was connected with the development of peoples’ intellect for the operation of local autonomy system. Furthermore, this is reflected by the abolition of a status system including liberation of private servants and new human relations responding to the changing of the times. This is the historical importance of the campaign to establish private schools.