대호지 3·1운동의 전개와 특성

Abstract

The March First Movement at Daehoji on the 4th of April, 1919 was the hurrah demonstration which started in Jogeum-ri, Daehoji-myeon, Dangjin- gun, Chungnam province and developed in the neighboring village, Cheoneui market, Cheoneui-ri. Jogeum-myeon. It was the grand scale demonstration in which around 1,000 residents participated and 199 among them were arrested. So far around 120 were awarded a decoration higher than a presidential citation for their deed. Daehoji area was isolated in every aspect including politics, economics and culture because of geographical obstruction, however, it was the perfect place for the establishment of clan villages and family villages were formed several hundreds years ago. There conservative traditional Confucianism was emphasized and educational facilities like Seodang(a village school) were run. Nam family from Euiryeong who settled down in Doi-ri, established ‘Dohoeuisook’(a school established by contributions) which was a representative private educational institute. Confucian scholars of Daehoji visited Seoul to take part in Go jong’s national funeral and witnessed the March First Movement in 1919. They planned for a hurrah demonstration in Daehoji, and came back to the village with the Declaration of Independence and Taegeukgi(Korean national flag). In the course of their preparation for the demonstration, the Confucian scholars made the mayor of Daehoji-myeon and officers participate in it, and contacted believers in the Cheondo religion for the demonstration. Around 400 residents gathered in Daehoji myeon office in the morning of 4th of April for a road maintenance according to the order of the mayor of Daehoji-myeon. Mayor In-Jeong Lee and the leaders of the demonstration persuaded and induced the residents to go to the Cheoneui market. They started the hurrah demonstration, forced Japanese police officers out of a police substation, and destroyed Cheoneui police substation. Though the leaders were searched by the Japanese police, they developed the second hurrah movement in Jogeum-ri and Songjeon-ri. The March First Movement at Daehoji was led by the traditional landed gentry, and they brought the residents to the demonstration in cooperation with village officers. Jae-Man Song, an employee of Daehoji-myeon office, led the demonstration at the frontline. Being imprisoned for 5 years, which was the longest prison term among the participants in the hurrah movement, he assumed all responsibility. The participants, even in the prison, never yielded to Japanese imperialism and insisted legitimacy for the independence movement through repeated appeal. The March First Movement at Daehoji took place in a typical poor rural area, However, it was a large scale resistance in which all residents systematically and aggressively rose to accuse imprudence of the Japanese colonial rule outspokenly and clarified their independence will. This potential energy resulted from the community spirit of the village with the same blood which was formed for a long time and traditional Confucianism emphasizing loyalty and patriotism, and an anti-Japanese and save-the-nation idea based on the anti-Japanese theory of the Cheondo religion.