大韓民國 臨時政府와 廣州의 관계

Abstract

Korean Provisional Government was at work for about 27 years from April, 1919 through November, 1945 in China. In this period, Korean Provisional Government was closely connected with Hangzhou, Nanjing, Zhenjang, Changsha, Guangzhou, Liuzhou, Qijiang, and Chongqing as well as Shanghai. Guangzhou also was the place that closely connected with Korean Provisional Government. The time when Korean Provisional Government connected with Guangzhou was just after Korean Provisional Government was established. A member of the Provisional Assembly in Shanghai, Kim Chang-suk’s visit to Guangzhou in 1919 served as a major momentum. Kim Chang-suk met Sun Wen in Shanghai and received a proposal from him. The proposal said that Kim Chang-suk had to meet members of Chinese Kuomintang and consult with them mutual assistance method. Therefor Kim Chang-suk went to Guangjzhou with the proposal of Sun Wen. Kim Chang-suk met various leading figures including military government officers in Guangzhou from August, 1919 through January of the next year. Through these meetings, the Chinese organized ‘Supporter’s Association for Korean Independence’, and let Korean students study in Guangzhou for Korean independence. Relation between Korean Provisional Government and Guangzhou deepened more and more. Hufa Zhengfu’s recognition of Korean Provisional Government served as a major momentum. Korean Provisional Government dispatched a special envoy in 1921 when Sun Wen took office as ‘Dazongtong’ of Hufa Zhengfu. Deputy Prime Minister as the President of Foreign Affairs, Sin Gyu-sik was dispatched as a special envoy, and Hufa Zhengfu welcomed him as a special envoy. Sin Gyu-sik arrived at Guangzhou on September 29, 1921 and met Sun Wen on October 3 for a summit conference. In this conference, Sun Wen actually recognized Korean Provisional Government and received Sin Gyu-sik officially on October 8. Mutual recognition between Korean Provisional Government and Hufa Zhengfu became strong power of Korean Provisional Government to work in China. Guangzhou was the place in which Korean patriots worked hard for Korean independence as well as a center of Chinese people’s revolution. Many Korean young men were educated and drilled at Sun Yat-sen University and Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou. ‘Hankuk-doknipdang’(Korean Independence Party) and ‘Hankuk-kukmindang’(Korean national party) respectively organized Guangzhou branch office and formed a political party with the Korean young men. So, Sun Yat-sen University and Whampoa Military Academy were not different with educational organizations for Korean independence. They played an important role to raise and supply Korean independence activists. Korean Provisional Government resided in Guangzhou for about three months from July through October, 1938 to escape Japanese attack after Sino-Japanese War. Guangzhou is the place which has a special memory on Korean Provisional Government because Korean Provisional Government was recognized there. We need to meditate on intimate relationship between Korean Provisional Government and Guangzhou 90 years ago, and have to design good direction of Sino-Korean friendship for Korea and Guangzhou to advance in the future.