1910년대 북간도지역 비밀결사의 조직과 활동

Abstract

After japans colonization of korea, many independence fighter seek asylum in the maritime province(沿海州) and north jiandao(北間島) for systematic and strong independence movements. First of all, They concentrate on establishing educational institution when they emigrate to north jiandao. They thought that education could create fresh talent for independence movements. Seojeon Lyceum·Myeongdong School·Jeongdong School in north jiandao and Gyedong School·Korean People’s School (in Vladivostok) in maritime province are typical examples. Furthermore, they could organize secret societies through using human resources of these schools. Several causes formed secret societies. First, north jiandao was base of independence movements and living foundation korean who emigrated since late 1860s. In addition, Japanese imperialism also regarded base of advance guard which invade Manchuria. The collision with China and Japanese imperialism was naturally inevitable. In this situation, korean emigrant in north jiandao organized secret societies to independence for their country and their lives. But secret societies subordinate organized organization of legal community in tough situation which assert independence. Mutual assistance society in north jiandao (同濟會) was dissolved secret societies by repression of Japanese imperialism. Mutual assistance society in north jiandao was formed in Yanji and operating in Hunchun and maritime province. Mutual assistance society in north jiandao (同濟會) was scarcely revealed by Japanese imperialism because it was secret societies compare to Jiandao korean association (墾民會). Purpose of establishment was independence of Korea through enlightening people and military education. Hunchun was base of independence movements and an important traffic center which connect maritime province and north jiandao. Secret organizations consistently organized with Hwang-Byungkil (黃柄吉) as the central figure. Hwang-Byungkil used secret organizations for devoting to supply the sinews of war which cultivating independence army and purchasing arms purchase. Systematic supplying the sinews of war was way to overcome weak point of independence movements. Students who was educated anti-Japanese sentiments play a larger role in independence movements of north jiandao before and after 3·13 independence movements in north jiandao. They played an active part in supplying the sinews, purchasing arms purchase and warning against pro-Japanese group. Unservile Patriotic Corps (忠烈隊), Tiger Troop (猛虎團) which was organized students of Myeongdong School focused on armed struggle against Japanese imperialism and propaganda activities that inspired national spirit. These organizations’s activities was aggressive and drastic that Japanese imperialism considered obstacles of Manchuria invasion even though these organizations could be unified each other. In conclusion, korean emigrant in north jiandao realized that motive power of independence was establishing of educational institution and cultivating of nationalism. Their result of effort was 3·13 independence movements in north jiandao which was centered students secret organizations.