항일전쟁기 淸原 咸從魚氏家의 망명과 민족운동

Abstract

Eo Yun-seok(魚允奭) and Eo Yun-jeog(魚允績) were disciple of Kim Pyeong-mug(金平默) and Yu Jung-gyo(柳重敎) who were the members of the Hwa-Seo(華西) school. They were scholars with a exhaustive Wijong Ch’oksa(defending orthodxy and rejecting heterodoxy) theory, and in 1883, they moved their families to the rural area to escape the widespread enlightenment in Seoul. Eo Yun-seok moved to Jincheon(鎭川), Chungcheongbuk -do, where he taught at Mokcheon(木川) and participated with his son in Jecheon(堤川) Righteous Army led by Yu In-seok(柳麟錫) in 1896. After participating in the Jecheon Righteous Army, his son Eo Kyung-sun(魚敬善) followed Yoo In-seok into Manchuria, and returned in 1905 to teach in the Cheongju(淸州) area. Eo Yun-jeok interacted with Lee Kang-neon(李康年) and Kim Sang-tae(金尙台) who were the leaders of Righteous Army, as well as Choi Ik-hyun(崔益鉉)’s disciple Kwak Han-so(郭漢紹), but did not participate in the Righteous Army. In February 1910, he and his family crossed the Yalu River to exile in Jianchang(堿廠), Bunxi(本溪) County, China. His son, Eo Chui-sun(魚聚善), went into Jiri mountain after the ordinance prohibiting topknots. When he heard about the uprising of the Jecheon Righteous Army, he tried to join them, but the troops had already been disbanded. In 1910, he went into exile with his father in Manchuria, hoping to find a way to save the country by securing an exile base, saying that he would rather die than serve the enemy, Japan. Eo Chui-sun took up residence in Jianchang, where he and his father opened a Chinese herbal medicine shop, Donghuadang(東華堂), and together with his siblings, they bought farmland to make a living. Once established in Jianchang, he used his home as a liaison foothold to provide lodging for independence activists. For this purpose, he organized a Chwijeong-gye(就正契) with Shin Hyuk-hee(申赫熙) and others to raise funds. His house was visited by a number of independence activists, including Park Jang-ho(朴長浩) and Baek Sam-gyu(白三圭) the provincial governor and the vice governor of the Korean independence group, as well as Chae Sang-deok(蔡相德), president of Tong-gunbu(統軍府), Jeon Deok-won(全德元), military affairs chief of Uigeumbu(義軍府), and Ji Kwang-woon(池光雲), military affairs chief of Tonguibu(統義府). He also frequently traveled to various places in the West Gando(間島) region, including Pingdingsanzhen(平頂山鎭), where Yoo In-seok and his disciples lived, to interact with independence activists. He seems to have provided shelter and lodging to the independence movements, as well as liaison activities and military funding. Similarly, the diciples of the Hwa-Seo school in the Hamjongeossi(咸從魚氏) family resisted the Japanese invasion and participated in the Righteous War, and after defecting to the Manchurian region to save the country, they prided themselves on being the descendants of the Joseon Dynasty, providing bases for independence activists and providing military funds. These scholars can be characterized as practitioners of the unity of knowledge and action, as they waged a strong anti-Japanese struggle based on the Wijong Ch’oksa theory.