倡義團의 의열투쟁과 일제의 사법처리

Abstract

Changuidan that was organized in Jiandao of July 1919, aligned its organization in Shenyang, South Manchuria after the Jiandao Massacre, and then planned a heroic struggle of attacking Japanese institutions in the Korean Peninsula. Changuidan that established its concrete plan from around 1925, decided to simultaneously throw bombs at the new building of the Japanese Government General of Korea, Joseon Shinto Shrine, the new building of Gyeongseong-bu Office, Joseon Bank, and Jongno Police Station, and then to distribute a declaration for the purpose of inspiring the will for independence and raising funds for independence movement. The leaders of the movement such as Eungseon Kim, Uisan Gye, Jwahan Jeon, and Eigeun Hwang decided to make bombs for the movement within the Korean Peninsula, and even completed the performance test after producing the bombs. They planned to carry out the movement on January 31, 1926. The Japanese Empire that detected the movement plan of Changuidan arrested some of the participants right before the movement, so the movement was not put into practice. After that, the people related to the movement were arrested by the Japanese police in Seoul, Shenyang, and Beijing, and then handed over to the trial. In the trial process, they mostly denied the participation in the movement and production of bombs. When the chief justice questioned Jwahan Jeon as the key person, it was revealed that Jwahan Jeon worked as a spy under the Gyeonggi Provincial Police Department, so the cause for not being able to carry out the movement of Changuidan was revealed as ‘spy activities’. As soon as the trial began, the media of the time reported the ‘rumor of Jwahan Jeon as a spy’. When the trial was about to end, everyone including the media, court, and prosecutor in charge pointed out Jwahan Jeon as a spy because jwahan Jeon admitted himself as a spy in the trial process. However, Jwahan Jeon argued that he was not a spy in a media interview right before his death. Even though Jwahan Jeon’s spying action in the movement of Changuidan was clearly revealed, the spying action was not good enough to define him as a spy because spies generally aimed for their own distinction and pursuit of profit, but there were also independence activists who used their spying activities for independence movement. In order to define Jwahan Jeon as a spy, we should consider not only spying action, but also all the activities, movement, and personal relationship around the time when he was hired as a spy by the Japanese Empire. Also, to determine that Jwahan Jeon was not a spy, the purpose of spying activities, circumstance of participating in the independence movement group, and the trail after released from prison should be clearly revealed. The movement of Changuidan was a patriotic struggle that was not carried out because of ‘spying activities’. Because the movement was not carried out, it could not give a blow to the Japanese institutions. As the content about the process of preparing for the movement was known to the public by the media report, it largely contributed to inspiring the fighting spirit against Japan and a will for independence. If there is a further study on the figures who participated in the movement by paying attention to this patriotic struggle, it would be greatly helpful for understanding the whole image of patriotic struggle.