WTO 의사결정절차의 문제점과 해결방안
THE WTO DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
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초록
WTO는 국가들 간의 국제경제 관계를 규율할 책임 있는 중요한 국제기구가 되었다. 언뜻 보기에 WTO협정은 의사결정 방식에 있어서 매우 민주적인 규정을 만든다. 모든 WTO의 의사결정기구는 모든 회원국들에게 개방되어 있다. 인구 규모, 경제력, 국제무역에의 기여와 상관없이 WTO 각 회원국은 단순 비 가중 투표권을 획득한다. 즉 1개 회원국에 오직 1개 투표권만이 주어진다. 따라서 형식적 수준에서는 전체적으로 WTO 의사결정과정에 대한 좋은 징조로 보인다. 이 그럴듯한 안녕(well-being)은 의사결정절차가 지장을 받게 되는 문제들과 난제들의 사실상의 본질을 호도하고 있다. 이 논문은 WTO협정 제9조와 제10조에서 의사결정에 관한 조항을 묘사적이며 분석적인 해석에 착수한다. 이 논문은 주요한 세 개의 부문으로 나뉜다. 첫 번째 부분은 WTO 제9조와 제10조에 따라 포함된 의사결정에 관한 본문조항과 국제기구로서의 WTO에 대한 서술적 설명을 보여준다. 여기서 초점은 WTO의 두 개의 가장 중요한 의사결정기구인 각료회의와 일반이사회에 의한 ‘입법적’ 의사결정에 관한 형식적 조항을 조사하는 것이다. 두 번째 부분은 합의, 일괄수락 원칙 그리고 Green Room절차(각국의 협상 수석대표를 1~2인으로 하여 중요 안건을 다루는 회의이며 정치적 판단을 요하는 의제에 대한 토론 및 최종 결정을 위해 개최된다)가 WTO에게 운명지운 문제 및 난제들과 가능한 개선방안들에 대하여 특별히 강조하면서 WTO에 대한 비판적 분석을 보여준다. 국가의 주권평등 원칙과 개발도상국에 대한 특별한 차별적 대우의 중요성은 두 번째와 세 번째 부분에서의 WTO 의사결정과정에 대한 도전과제와 가능한 개혁 담론에서 중요한 고려사항으로 이용된다. 결론 부분은 WTO 의사결정과정의 개혁을 위해 가능한 대안을 탐구하고 있다.
Abstract
The WTO has become one of the key international organizations responsible for regulating international economic relations among states. At first glance, the WTO Agreement makes very democratic provisions with respect to decision-making. All formal WTO decision-making organs are open to all members. Independent of population size, economic might or contribution to international trade, each member of the WTO wieldes a single unweighted vote- i.e. one-member-one-vote. Thus seeming well-being however believes the true nature of the problems and descriptive and analytical exegesis of the provisions on decision-making in Article Ⅸ and Ⅹ of the WTO Agreement. The article is segmented into three main sections. The first section presents a descriptive account of the WTO as an international organisation and the textual provisions on decision-making contained under Articles Ⅸ and Ⅹ of the WTO Agreement. The focus here is to explore the formal provisions on 'legislative' decision-making by the two most important decision-making organs of the WTO- i.e. the Ministerial Conference and the General Council. The second section presents a critical analysis of the WTO decision-making process with particular emphasis on the problems, challenges and opportunities that the consensus and single undertaking pinciples and the Green Room process hold for the WTO. The concluding section explores possible options for reforming the WTO decision-making process. The importance of the principles of sovereign equality of state and the special and differential treatment of developing countries are used in both the second and third sections as key considerations in the discourse on the challenges and possible reform of the WTO decision-making process.
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