본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

대중국 상계조치상의 보조금 분석과 통상법 쟁점 연구

Analysis on Legal Issues and Characteristics of Chinese Subsidies subjected to Countervailing Measures

김민정|유지영|안덕근
법무부 (Ministry of Justice)|2015.06|국제법무연구 (Journal of International Legal Affairs)|제123권 |pp. 9-46|DOI 10.36514/itl.2015.123..001

0

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

지방정부local governmentnon-market economy무역구제상계관세조치중국 보조금비시장경제체제Chinese subsidycountervailing measuretrade remedy
주제분류법학

초록

중국이 국가 자본주의를 표방하며 중앙정부와 지방정부의 각종 보조금 정책을 시행하고 있는 상황에서 중국의 수출 증가와 무역수지 흑자 확대에 대처하기 위한 방편으로 미국, 캐나다, 유럽연합 등 주요국들은 상계조치를 보다 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 최근에 중국과 FTA를 체결하여 향후 대중국 교역을 한 층 확대하고자 하는 우리나라 또한, 늘어나는 교역량만큼 국내 산업 피해 방지를 위해 중국 정부의 다양한 보조금 조치를 파악하고 상계조치 활용을 염두에 둔 대비책 마련이 시급하다. 본 논문은 주요 무역구제조치 사용국들이 상계조치의 대상으로 삼고 있는 중국의 보조금조치를 분석하여, 우선 WTO체제 하에서 인정된 대중국 상계관세 조치의 법적 근거와 대상 보조금의 특징을 바탕으로 무역구제조치 운용상 유의해야 할 점들을 유추하고, 그 중 우리 사업에 영향을 미치는 보조금조치에 대한 대응책 마련을 위한 중요한 시사점을 제시한다. 상계조치 대상이 되고 있는 중국 보조금 유형을, 본 연구에서는 국유기업 정부조달, 국유은행 정책금융, 세제 혜택 및 지원, 직접자금 공여(각종 장려 사업과 시상 등 포함)의 네 가지로 분류하여 검토한다. 대중굴 상계조치 관련 WTO 분쟁사건(DS379, DS437)의 패널 및 상소기구 판결을 바탕으로 법적 쟁점과 주요 판결 내용을 정리한다. 경제체제상 마찰이 주된 원인인 중국의 보조금정책과 관련된 통상 마찰은 계속 확대될 전망이다. WTO 판결 또한 기본적으로는 수입국 정부 조사당국의 판정을 광범위하게 수용하는 입장이다. 하지만 다른 무역구제조치와 달리, 중국 정부의 조치에 대해 문제를 제기해야 하는 정치적 파장을 감안할 때, 우리나라를 포함한 많은 개발도상국들은 현실적으로 중국의 보복성 조치에 대한 부담을 가지고 있기도 하다. 그러므로 합리적인 수준의 대중국 상계조치 활용을 염두에 두고, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 각기 산발적으로 시행하는 것이 특징인 중국 보조금정책에 대한 정보를 잘 수집하고 감시하기 위해 우리나라는 무엇보다 무역구제당국의 조사 및 상계조치 활용 역량을 시급히 배양해 나가야 할 것이다.

Abstract

As Chinese central and local governments provide numerous subsidies under the name of state capitalism, the United States, Canada, and EU are actively enforcing countervailing measures in order to cope with ever increasing Chinese exports and trade surplus. By recently concluding an FTA with China, Korea is also under strong pressure to prepare itself for potential enforcement of countervailing measures against China, in order to prevent damage on domestic industry. This study analyzes the legal basis and unique characteristics of China's subsidy measures that have been subjected to countervailing measures by WTO major trading countries. The paper sorted Chinese subsidies into four categories: 1) provision of goods by SOEs, 2) policy lending by SOBs, 3) tax benefits, and 4) grants. WTO cases, United States - Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain Products from China (DS379) and United States - Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products from China (DS437), are scrutinized for legal analysis. Eventually the paper lays out major concerns and implications for Korea's potential utilization of countervailing measures against China. Because the transitional economic system of China is the major source of ongoing trade conflict, disputes based on such extensive list of Chinese subsidy measures will only expand in the near future. Moreover, the WTO Panel and AB rulings also largely acknowledge the investigation decisions of the importing countries. Therefore, despite the political pressure, enforcement of a reasonable level of countervailing duty can be under consideration for Korea as well. Korea should equip itself with competitive investigation and enforcement capacity in order to counter, if needed, such broad and numerous Chinese subsidy measures.

참고문헌 (42)

  1. 안덕근, "중국 환율정책에 대한 법적 대응조치와 WTO 합치성 분석", 통상법률, (106), pp.80~108 (2012), 법무부[DOI]
  2. 정재호, "WTO 보조금 협정에 적합한 조세지원재정정책 연구" (2011), 경성문화사
  3. Bhattasali, D., "China and the WTO, Accession, Policy, Reform, and Poverty Reduction Strategies" (2004), World Bank and Oxford University Press
  4. Behboodi, R, "Industrial Subsidies and Friction in World Trade" (2004), Routledge
  5. Brandt, L., "Redistribution in a decentralized economy : Growth and inflation in China under reform", Journal of Political Economy, 108, pp.422~439 (2000)
  6. "Dumping and Subsidy Investigations"[URL]
  7. European Chamber of Commerce in China, "Public Procurement in China: European Business Experiences Competing for Public Contracts in China" (2009)
  8. Haley, U., "Subsidies to Chinese Industry, State Capitalism, Business Strategy, and Trade Policy" (2013), Oxford University Press
  9. Lin, N, "Capitalism in China : A Centrally managed capitalism(CMC)and its future", Management and Organization Review, 7(1), pp.63~96 (2011)
  10. Liu, L, "Local government and big business in the People's Republic of China - Case study from Shandong Province", Asia Pacific Business Review, 14(4), pp.473~489 (2008)
  11. Rosen, D. H., "China energy: A guide for the perplexed", Peterson Institute for International Economics (2007)
  12. Snyder, F, "The EU, The WTO and China, Legal Pluralism and International Trade Regulation" (2010), Hart Publishing
  13. "The time-series data of International Investment Position of China" (2007)[URL]
  14. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination: Certain New Pneumatic Off-the-Road Tires (OTR Tires) from the People‘s Republic of China" (2008)
  15. State Administration of Foreign Exchange., "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination: Laminated Woven Sacks from the People’s Republic of China" (2008)
  16. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Line Pipe (Line Pipe) from the People‘s Republic of China" (2008)
  17. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe from the People‘s Republic of China" (2008)
  18. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Lightweight Thermal Paper from the People‘s Republic of China" (2008)
  19. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Raw Flexible Magnets from the People‘s Republic of China" (2008)
  20. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Certain Kitchen Appliance Shelving and Racks from the People‘s Republic of China" (2009)
  21. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination: Certain Tow-Behind Lawn Groomers and Certain Parts Thereof from the People‘s Republic of China" (2009)
  22. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Citric Acid and Certain Citrate Salts from the People‘s Republic of China" (2009)
  23. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Light-Walled Rectangular Pipe and Tube from the People‘s Republic of China" (2009)
  24. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for Final Determination for the Countervailing Duty Investigation on Certain Welded Austenitic Stainless Pressure Pipe from the People’s Republic of China" (2009)
  25. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination: Certain Magnesia Carbon Bricks from the People‘s Republic of China" (2010)
  26. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination: Certain Steel Grating from the People’s Republic of China" (2010)
  27. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Certain Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe (“Seamless Pipe") from the People‘s Republic of China" (2010)
  28. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for Final Determination for Pre-Stressed Concrete Steel Wire Strand from the People’s Republic of China" (2010)
  29. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Aluminum Extrusions from the People‘s Republic of China (PRC)" (2010)
  30. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Certain Coated Paper Suitable for High-Quality Print Graphics Using Sheet-Fed Presses from the People’s Republic of China" (2010)
  31. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Drill Pipe from the People’s Republic of China" (2010)
  32. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Narrow Woven Ribbons with Woven Selvedge from the People's Republic of China" (2010)
  33. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Multilayered Wood Flooring from the People‘s Republic of China" (2011)
  34. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination for Countervailing Duty (CVD) Investigation: Utility Scale Wind Towers (Wind Towers) from the People's Republic of China (the PRC)" (2012)
  35. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not Assembled Into Modules, from the People's Republic of China" (2012)
  36. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Decision Memorandum for Preliminary Results of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review: Certain Oil Country Tubular Goods from the People's Republic of China" (2013)
  37. State Administration of Foreign Exchange, "Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final Determination in the Countervailing Duty Investigation of Drawn Stainless Steel Sinks from the People's Republic of China" (2013)
  38. "AD Initiations by Export Country"[URL]
  39. WTO., "United States - Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products from China", WT, R, ~
  40. WTO., "United States - Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products from China", WT, AB, pp.R[DOI]
  41. WTO., "United States - Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Cer tain Products from China", WT, R, ~
  42. WTO., "United States - Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain Products from China", WT, AB, pp.R[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

비시장경제 상품에 대한 상계관세 부과와 관련한 WTO 체제에서의 법적 쟁점 연구: 미국-중국 간 WTO 분쟁 중 공공기관 및 시장기준의 문제를 중심으로조영진법무부 · 국제법무연구2013 · 제113호주요국의 대(對)베트남 상계관세 부과와 통상법적 쟁점 분석김혜림, 이주혜무역구제학회 · 무역구제연구2022 · 제64호중국과 주요 무역대상국간 보조금 분쟁에 관한 연구권진택, 손성문대한중국학회 · 중국학2010 · 제35호중국의 상계관세제도와 실행에 관한 연구－ 미국산 방향성 전기강판에 대한 상계관세 판정을 중심으로－마광안암법학회 · 안암법학2011 · 제35호EU와 미국의 초국경 보조금 규제 동향 및 법적 쟁점이동은법무부 · 국제법무연구2025 · 제3호중국 보조금 제도에 관한 연구박민규법무부 · 국제법무연구2007 · 제73호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (1건)

WTO GATS 양허 분야 해석에 대한 고찰조수정pp. 47-89
원문 보기