아동의 독립적 이동성 확보를 위한 커뮤니티 거리환경 특성에 관한 연구
A Study on the Characteristics of Community Street Environment to secure Children‘s Independence Activities
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
(연구배경 및 목적) 아동은 도시에서 가장 중요한 주거 집단 중 하나이다. 점점 더 많은 국가, 지방자치단체, 사회가 아동권리협약에서 아동 우선주의 원칙을 채택하고 있다. 1996년, 제2차 유엔 인간 정착 회의는 도시계획에 아동의 근본적인 요구를 포함시키자고 제안하면서, 아동 친화적 도시를 건설하기 위한 계획을 제안했다. 2015년 유엔 지속가능발전목표는 아동이 거리를 독립적이고 안전하게 걷고, 친구들과 자유롭게 만나고, 놀 수 있다는 정의를 명확하게 하고, 아동의 일상 활동을 위한 기본 공간 단위로서 공동체의 중요성을 강조했다. 그러므로, 아동 친화적 커뮤니티 거리는 아동 친화적 도시를 건설하는데 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구의 목적은 이론을 바탕으로 아동에 적합한 독립적 활동공간의 특성을 도출하고 이를 국외 커뮤니티 거리의 우수 사례에 대한 분석을 통해 검증해 봄으로써 아동친화적 도시의 건설을 위한 방향성을 제시해보는데 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 첫째, 문헌분석으로 커뮤니티 거리에서 아동의 독립적 이동성과 관련된 문헌을 요약하고 분석한다. 커뮤니티 거리환경에서 아동의 독립적 이동성에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소는 사전 조사와 분석을 통해 도출된다. 둘째, 사례분석방법은 아동의 독립적 이동성에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 바탕으로 8건의 해외 사례를 종합적으로 분석한다. 본 논문은 이론적으로 아동의 자립 활동의 거리환경을 보완하고, 아동 거리환경의 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하며, 아동 친화적인 도시 건설을 위한 제안을 제시하고자 했다. (결과) 8가지 사례 분석을 통해 첫째, 아동의 독립적 이동에 적합한 커뮤니티 거리환경을 만들기 위해 거리환경요소가 가장 많이 나타나는 요소는 안전성 요소, 접근성 요소, 흥미 유발요소, 그다음으로는 편안함 요소, 자연성 요소, 상호성 요소이다. 둘째, 커뮤니티 거리는 아동만 다니는 공간이 아니라 아동의 사회접근을 위한 중요한 통로이자 학습장소이기도 하며, 아동의 독립적 이동성에 적합한 커뮤니티의 거리환경은 아동이 안전하게 스스로 커뮤니티를 탐색하고, 이웃의 파트너와 만나 놀며, 충분히 접하고 사회실천 활동에 참여할 수 있도록 지원해야 하며, 길가에서 아동을 위해 사회 접촉, 관찰 학습, 실천과 상호작용의 기회를 제공할 수 있다. (결론) 본 연구를 통해 커뮤니티 거리에서의 아동의 독립적 이동성을 촉진하기 위해서는 첫째, 커뮤니티 거리는 공간적 성격상 아동의 권익이어야 하며, 둘째, 아동의 독립적 이동성에 적합한 커뮤니티 거리는 아동의 생존권, 발전권을 충분히 구현해야 하므로 커뮤니티 거리공간 체계는 아동의 필요에 맞게 재편되어야 하며, 셋째, 아동의 참여가 관건이자 참여의 질적 보증이며, 이러한 학습의 기회는 교실, 학교 등의 실내공간이 아니라 커뮤니티 거리공간으로 펼쳐져 아동들이 오락 활동을 누리면서 지식을 습득하게 해야 한다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) Children are one of the most important residential groups in cities. The ‘children’s best interests first principle‘ in the Convention on the Rights of the Child has been recognized by more and more countries, local governments and society. In 1996, the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements put forward the initiative of building ‘child-friendly cities‘, suggesting that the fundamental needs of children should be incorporated into urban planning and construction. In 2015, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals clearly stated that children can be ‘Walk independently on the street safely, freely meet and play with friends‘ is the core planning goal of a child-friendly city, and has repeatedly emphasized the importance of the community as the basic spatial unit of children‘s daily activities in building a child-friendly city.It can be seen that child-friendly community streets are an important part of building a child-friendly city. The purpose of this study is to provide a direction for the construction of a child-friendly city by deriving the characteristics of an independent activity space suitable for children based on theory and verifying them through analysis of best practices on foreign community streets. (Method) The research methods are as follows: First, review the literature related to children‘s independent activities, and conduct summary and analysis. Secondly, through preliminary research and analysis, it is concluded that the community street environment is a key element in affecting children‘s independent activities, and in-depth research is conducted to find out the characteristics of the elements for case analysis. Third, evaluate the four characteristics of street environmental factors, and propose a framework for the relationship between the main factors. Finally, the author tries to reconsider the characteristics of street places in urban communities from the perspective of children‘s independent activities, and finally provide a theoretical reference for the establishment of children-friendly cities in China. (Results) First, the most common elements of a distance environment are safety factors, accessibility factors, interest factors, and then comfort factors, natural factors, and reciprocity factors to create a community distance environment suitable for children's independent activities. Second, community streets are not only children's places, but also important ways and learning places for children's social access, and street environments suitable for children's independent mobility should help children explore the community, play with neighboring partners, and engage in social practice. (Conclusions) To promote children's independent mobility on community streets, first, children's rights and interests should be protected in the space of the community streets, second, community distance should be adapted to children's needs, third, children's participation is the key and quality assurance.
참고문헌 (35)
- Almanza, E., "A study of community design, greenness, and physical activity in children using satellite, GPS and accelerometer data", Health & place, 18(1), pp.46~54 (2012)
- Bochaver, A., "Kids, Streets, and Activities", Higher School of Economics Research, pp.71~ (2016)
- Brewer, M., "Neighborhood context and immigrant children's physical activity", Social Science & Medicine, 116, pp.1~9 (2014)
- Bringolf-Isler, B., "Built environment, parents' perception, and children's vigorous outdoor play", Preventive medicine, 50(5-6), pp.251~256 (2010)
- Carroll-Scott, A., "Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity : the role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments", Social science & medicine, 95, pp.106~114 (2013)
- Duke, N., "Parent perceptions of neighborhood : relationships with US youth physical activity and weight status", Maternal and child health journal, 16(1), pp.149~157 (2012)
- Ekawati, A., "Children–friendly streets as urban playgrounds", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 179, pp.94~108 (2015)
- Fyhri, A., "Children’s independent mobility to school, friends and leisure activities", Journal of transport geography, 17(5), pp.377~384 (2009)
- Ghekiere, A., "Assessing cycling-friendly environments for children : are micro-environmental factors equally important across different street settings?", International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), pp.1~13 (2015)
- Gleeson, B., "Create a child-friendly city" (2014), China Architecture and Building Press
- 하미경, "아동친화 공동주거단지를 위한 치유적 환경디자인 연구", 한국문화공간건축학회논문집, (60), pp.56~65 (2017), 한국문화공간건축학회
- Hillman, M., "One false move: a study of children's independent mobility" (1990), Studies Institute
- Janssen, I., "Crime and perceptions of safety in the home neighborhood are independently associated with physical activity among 11–15 year olds", Preventive medicine, 66, pp.113~117 (2014)
- Jerrett, M., "Smart growth community design and physical activity in children", American journal of preventive medicine, 45(4), pp.386~392 (2013)
- Kytta, M., "The last free-range children? Children’s independent mobility in Finland in the 1990s and 2010s", Journal of transport geography, 47, pp.1~12 (2015)
- Legendre, A, "Different types of children's independent mobility in French Brittany", ~ (2013)
- Mackett, R., "Children's independent movement in the local environment", Built environment, 33(4), pp.454~468 (2007)
- Manikam A, "Affordances of Street Environment for Child-Friendly Cities During Home-School Journey in Old City Zone of MAKASSAR", Plano Madani, 5(2), pp.114~124 (2016)
- O’Brien, M., "Children’s independent spatial mobility in the urban public realm", Childhood, 7(3), pp.257~277 (2000)
- ⍥zbayraktar, M., "Designing Livable Children Spaces in Urban Space Child-Friendly Streets and Turkey Example Brasov" (2016), Romania
- Perry, C. A., "City Planning for Neighborhood Life Soc", Forces, 98, pp.100~ (1929)
- Prezza, M., "Parental Perception of Social Risk and of Positive Potentiality of Outdoor Autonomy for Children:The Development of two Instruments", Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(4), pp.437~453 (2005)
- Schoeppe, S., "Associations of children's independent mobility and active travel with physical activity,sedentary behaviour and weight status: A systematic review", Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, 16(4), pp.312~319 (2013)
- Slater, S. J., "The association between community physical activity settings and youth physical activity, obesity, and body mass index", Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(5), pp.496~503 (2010)
- Stark, J. H., "The impact of neighborhood park access and quality on body mass index among adults in New York City", Preventive medicine, 64, pp.63~68 (2014)
- Stein, C. S., "Toward new towns for America" (1957), Reinhold Publishing Corporation
- Tappe, A., "Children’s physical activity and parents’ perception of the neighborhood environment: neighborhood impact on kids study", International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 10(1), pp.1~10 (2013)
- Tranter, P., "Children's access to local environments: a case-study of Christchurch, New Zealand", Local environment, 6(1), pp.27~48 (2001)
- UNICEF, "Building child friendly cities: A framework for action", UNICEF, ~ (2004)
- UNICEF, "Build a child-friendly cityAnd Community Handbook", UNICEF, ~ (2019)
- Community’ Research and Community Research, A Review of the Research on Urban Communities in my country in Recent Years, "Xiao, L.", 56~57 (2011)
- Xiaolong, H., "The Built Environment Factor that Influenced Children and Adolescents’ MVPA Study", pp.2015
- Xuan, X., "The Study of Urban Community Spatiality", 박사, pp.2005
- Review of Studies About Urban Children’s Demands of Outdoor Space in China, "Yi, Z.", Chinese Landscape Archite, ~ (2011)
- 송영민, "유니버설디자인 관점의 교통안전 개선방안 - 어린이보호구역 내 교통안전시설물을 중심으로 -", 한국공간디자인학회 논문집, 11(6), pp.131~143 (2016), 한국공간디자인학회[DOI]