랜드마크와 배경의 대비가 심적 이미지 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

(background and purpose) Having a mental image of a city is very important in using it. This is because the mental image of the city is used when using the city. The mental image of the city is formed through the environmental factors of the city, and landmarks are the main factors. Therefore, in order to create a city that can remain a mental image in people's minds, landmarks must be designed to be well remembered. Landmarks have physical contrast and meaning in the background. These two features make landmarks look good, easy to identify, and have powerful images. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present a theoretical basis for the landmark design of a memorable city by revealing how physical contrast with the landmark background and meaning affect mental image formation. (method) In this study, landmark characteristics were set as independent variables. The physical contrast with the background, which is the first independent variable, is organized by whether or not there is color contrast (Vo, Vx), and the contrast of meaning, which is the second independent variable, is set to the same meaning (Lx) and difference meaning (Lo). The dependent variable is the formation of a mental image of a landmark, and free recall memory and recognition memory, which are retrieval methods in the process of memory, were measured. To assess the mental images of landmarks, we utilized two memory retrieval processes: free recall and recognition. Free recall was measured through questionnaire responses, whereas recognition was evaluated using the OX test. The accuracy of the mental image storage was assessed through the frequency of correct responses. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-Squared Test, and the results were discussed from a design perspective. (Results) The findings from the study indicated that landmarks that exhibit physical contrast with their surrounding background benefit free recall memory. Conversely, landmarks that lack physical contrast with the background positively impacted recognition memory. However, it should be noted that the outcomes of recognition memory may have been subject to the influence of experimental variables. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further investigations to validate the hypothesis. (Conclusion) In this study, the design direction was presented so that landmarks, which are important environmental factors for the formation of the mental image of the city, can be well remembered. Landmarks should be designed by interacting with the city or its surroundings through physical and semantic contrast, rather than having independent design elements. This study is meaningful in that it proposed a design direction for memorable landmark design and quantitatively measured memory to promote image formation.