Enhancing the Sustainable User Experience of Underground Pedestrian Passages Using an Emotional Acupuncture Approach in Urban Design

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) This study aims to explore how to enhance user experience and promote the sustainable utilization of underground pedestrian passages through the concept of “emotional acupuncture”, a strategic methodology for urban regeneration and enhancement. Emotional acupuncture targets specific issues and opportunities within urban spaces, fostering their transformation into more vibrant environments. This study seeks to develop design principles that can repurpose underutilized underground pedestrian networks into spaces that are both pedestrian-friendly and environmentally sustainable. These principles are intended to ensure that urban spaces function beyond mere pathways, contributing to the overall enhancement of urban life quality and the well-being of city residents. The objective is to integrate these spaces into the broader urban fabric, enriching the daily experience of city users and making these passages a meaningful part of urban regeneration efforts. (Method) The research focuses on case studies of underground pedestrian passages in Seoul, specifically targeting the Yeoksam and Seolleung underground walkways located in Gangnam-gu, and the Jonggak Sun Garden in Jongno-gu. These locations were chosen for their diverse usage levels and design features. The study was conducted in three phases: theoretical review, data collection and measurement, and data analysis. The theoretical review highlighted key components of eco-friendly design and user-centered principles. For data collection, face-to-face surveys were administered to users, gathering insights on their experiences, preferences, and overall satisfaction with these underground environments. The data was subsequently analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to measure user satisfaction and perception changes influenced by the different environmental characteristics of each pedestrian passage. (Results) The study revealed that the Jonggak underground passage received high evaluations across multiple aspects, including environmental sustainability, convenience, safety, eco-friendly design elements, and overall accessibility. Users appreciated the balance between practicality and aesthetics, which made it a pleasant and user-friendly space. Conversely, the Seolleung underground passage received lower scores, particularly in the areas of lighting, air quality, and noise control, highlighting the need for significant improvements. The Yeoksam underground passage was praised for its environmental features and convenience, but users reported that accessibility remained a challenge, indicating room for improvement in this regard. (Conclusions) This study demonstrates that underground pedestrian passages, when approached through emotional acupuncture in urban design, have the potential to become vibrant and sustainable urban spaces that cater to the complex needs of local communities. These spaces can play a critical role in urban regeneration by improving the quality of life in the city. The study calls for the development of policies and design guidelines aimed at revitalizing idle and underused urban areas. Lastly, the study emphasizes the importance of active collaboration and participation from local residents in the design process, ensuring that the spaces created reflect the genuine needs and aspirations of the community.