중국 산업유산 박물관 공간의 서사성 디자인 연구 -관람객을 중심으로-
Research on the Narrative Design of Chinese Industrial Heritage Museum Space -Focusing on the Visitors-
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(연구배경 및 목적) 박물관은 문화유산을 보호하는 중요한 수단으로 산업유산의 보호 및 재활용을 위한 중요한 모델로 발전했다. 그러나 대다수 중국 산업유산 박물관은‘소장품 중심’이념의 영향을 받아 낙후된 공간 디자인 개념, 부족한 공간의 서사성 디자인, 불만족스러운 관람 경험 등의 문제에 직면해 있어 산업유산 박물관의 공간 디자인의 발전을 심각하게 저해하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는‘관람객 중심’의 이념적 전환을 강조함과 동시에 서사성 디자인 방식을 도입하여 관람객 중심 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인 기준을 구축하고 중국 산업유산 박물관 공간 현황을 분석하여 향후 중국 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인의 발전 방향을 명확히 하고자 한다. (연구방법) 먼저 본 연구에서는‘관람객 중심’의 이념, 산업유산 박물관, 서사성 디자인 개념 및 구성 내용 등에 대한 이론적 고찰을 진행하고자 한다. 또한, 선행연구와 결합하여 다양한 유형의 관람객에 대한 현장 관찰법을 적용하여 9가지 수요 특성을 도출해 내고, 관람객과 산업유산 박물관 공간의 서사성 디자인의 연관성을 바탕으로 관람객 중심의 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인 기준을 구축하여 사례 분석의 틀을 얻는다. 마지막으로 5개의 사례 대상을 선정하여 공간의 서사성 디자인에 대한 시각적 분석을 진행함으로써 이를 통해 중국 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인의 현황과 시사점을 탐구한다. (결과) 사례 연구 결과를 통해 현재 중국 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인은 관람객의 수요 특성을 완전히 충족시키지 못하고 있고 관람객의 감정과 행위에 대한 수요 특성을 간과하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 산업유산의 전문성이나‘관람객 중심’이념을 간과한 데서 비롯된 것으로 보인다. (결론) 최종적으로, 본 연구는 관람객 중심의 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인 기준을 제시하고 구체적인 디자인 내용을 탐구하였다. 이 기준에 따라 사례 연구를 수행한 결과 현재 중국 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인은 관람객의 정신성과 상호작용에 대한 수요에서 현저히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 향후 산업유산 박물관의 공간 서사성 디자인에 대하여 공간 서사 주제의 차원과 공간 관람 동선의 다양화를 중요시하는 제안과 발전 방향을 제시함으로써 산업유산 박물관의‘관람객 중심’의 서사성 디자인 연구에 참고 자료를 제공하였다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) Museums plays a pivotal role in safeguarding cultural heritage and has emerged as a key strategy for preserving and reusing industrial heritage. However, the majority of Chinese industrial heritage museums, still adhering to an "object-centered" approach, are grappling with obsolete spatial design concepts, a lack of compelling narrative elements in their spaces, and visitor experiences that fall short of expectations. These issues have significantly impeded the advancement of museum spatial design. This study advocates for a paradigm shift toward a "visitor-centered" philosophy and the incorporation of narrative design techniques. The goal is to create a set of standards for visitor-centered narrative design in the spatial planning of industrial heritage museums and provide insights into the current spatial conditions of Chinese industrial heritage museums, thereby charting a course for future narrative design in their spatial planning. (Method) This study began with a theoretical exploration of the "visitor-centered" philosophy, the concept of industrial heritage museums, and narrative design, including their respective content and structure. Building on prior research, this study employed field observation techniques to assess the current state of various visitor groups, identifying nine distinct requirements. By examining the relationship between visitors and the narrative design of industrial heritage museum spaces, this study established a set of standards for visitor-centered narrative design in industrial heritage museum spaces and developed a framework for case analysis. Subsequently, a visual analysis of narrative design in five case studies was conducted to explore the current state and potential improvements in narrative design in the spatial planning of Chinese industrial museums. (Results) The findings from the case studies indicated that the narrative design of spaces in Chinese industrial heritage museums is not fully aligned with the needs of visitors, often overlooking their emotional and behavioral expectations. This shortfall may stem from the specialized nature of industrial heritage or a failure to fully embrace the "visitor-centered" philosophy. (Conclusions) This study proposes the development of standards for visitor-centered narrative design in the spatial planning of industrial heritage museums, detailing specific design elements. The case study analysis revealed significant gaps in meeting the spiritual and interactive needs of visitors within the narrative design of these spaces. Consequently, this study recommends enhancing the hierarchy of narrative themes and diversifying visitor pathways in future narrative design efforts for industrial heritage museums. These recommendations offer a reference for narrative designs that prioritize visitor experiences in the spatial planning of industrial heritage museums.
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