행위자-네트워크 이론(ANT) 기반 중국 향촌 공공 의식 공간의 재구축 디자인 전략 연구 - 해남 남강촌 의식 재구축 과정과 관련된 행위자 조사를 사례로 -

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Following “in-situ urbanization” renovations, Nanqiang Village in Boao Town, Hainan, has undergone significant improvements in its residential and ecological environments, thereby contributing to the growth of rural tourism and the local economy. This study addresses the decline in folk ritual culture and the abandonment of ritual spaces in the village. It seeks to apply the actor-network theory (ANT) to analyze the cultural and economic needs and conflicts in the reconstruction of public ritual spaces, with the objective of formulating effective strategies to advance the Nanqiang Public Ceremony Space Reconstruction Project. (Method) This research initially established a network of relevant actors involved in the reconstruction of public ritual spaces in Nanqiang Village. Through field investigations, the folk ritual concepts and spatial issues present in Nanqiang Village were explored. Second, it examines the diverse demands and conflicts among various actors regarding the reconstruction design of the public ritual space in Nanqiang Village. Furthermore, by analyzing the needs and common goals of these actors, a mechanism was proposed to facilitate the reconstruction of the public ritual space in Nanqiang Village, focusing on three dimensions: economic, cultural, and policy functions. Finally, the corresponding design strategies are proposed.(Results) This study presents several significant findings. First, all parties involved hold a positive view of preserving ritual culture, although with varying perspectives and practices. Second, the project’s strong focus on economics resulted in a reduction in ceremonial space, which impacted Nanqiang Village’s cultural promotion. Third, the design failed to incorporate regional characteristics or facilitate interactions between Indigenous people and visitors, leading to decreased participation and ceremonial experiences. Lastly, the traditional role of ancestral halls as local cultural and political governance centers is diminishing, as the surrounding environment struggles to attract people and policy information remains chaotic, affecting the authenticity of non-fixed ritual spaces in rural areas.(Conclusions) First, the study demonstrates the applicability of Action Network Theory (ANT) in the research on rural public ritual space strategies, clarifying the needs and functions of various actors. Second, economic design strategies balance the relationship between culture and the consumer experience. Third, cultural design strategies highlight the positive effects of cultural dissemination and construction of local characteristics. Finally, the policy design strategy endows public ritual spaces with the function of enhancing indigenous spatial participation and the effectiveness of policy promotion. Aiming to restore the deliberative status of ancestral halls, as a daily activity venue for indigenous people, non-fixed public ritual spaces also need to standardize the promotion of local policies and restore the cultural authenticity of the community.