커뮤니티 시설을 중심으로 본 공동주택의 폐쇄성에 관한 연구 -2021년 이후 공동주택을 중심으로-
A study on the closed trend of apartment complexes focusing on community facilities -Focusing on apartment complexes after 2021-
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(연구배경 및 목적) 전통적인 커뮤니티의 개념은 지역사회에서 촌락 공동체를 가리키는 개념이다. 이러한 커뮤니티 시설은 개념적으로나, 국가 정책적으로나 외부 개방을 지향하고 있지만, 최근 개인주의의 보편화와 더불어 2020년부터 유행한 코로나 팬데믹 현상으로 인해 불특정 다수가 사용할 수밖에 없는 커뮤니티 시설을 폐쇄적으로 계획하게 되었다. 이에 본 연구는 2021년도 이후 지어진 공동주택의 커뮤니티 시설을 분석하여 개인주의적 문화가 공동주택에 어떻게 작용하였는지 분석하며, 앞으로 커뮤니티 시설의 방향성에 대한 고찰을 진행하고자 한다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 공동주택의 커뮤니티 시설 현황을 조사하기 위하여 2021년도 이후 서울특별시에 준공된 1,000세대 이상의 건축물을 대상으로 하였으며, 규모에 따른 편차를 줄이기 위해 3,000세대 이하로 제한하였다. 또한 커뮤니티 시설에 대한 직접적이고, 정확한 조사, 분석을 위해 배치 평면을 통한 커뮤니티 시설현황 분석과 함께 대상지의 직접적인 방문 및 조사를 통한 외부인 접근성을 중심으로 커뮤니티 시설의 개방과 폐쇄성에 대한 연구를 진행하고자 한다. (결과) 이 사례를 통해 도출된 결과로는 2021년도 이후 건축된 공동주택은 커뮤니티 시설 운영에 있어 단지의 중심, 지하공간, 스카이라운지 등에 배치되어 외부인이 접근하기 힘든 장소에 계획되는 경향이 있으며, 단지의 출입구부터 외부인의 출입을 금지한 경우도 있다. 이러한 사례들로 인해 커뮤니티 시설들이 외부인에게 개방되어 있다고 하더라도 위치성, 접근성 등에 의해 외부인이 커뮤니티에 참여하기 힘든 현실이다. (결론) 본 연구의 분석 결과를 토대로 결론을 내리면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 최근 지어진 공동주택은 커뮤니티 시설이 개방적이지 못한 경우가 많다. 둘째, 이러한 커뮤니티 시설 계획은 설계 단계에서 외부인 접근에 대해 고려하지 않는 경우가 많다. 셋째, 커뮤니티 시설은 주로 외부로 개방된 공간 보다 입주민만 사용할 수 있는 내부 공간에 계획되는 경우가 많다. 넷째, 최근 커뮤니티 시설 동향은 지역사회의 공동체가 아닌, 공동주택 내부 거주자들의 사용 편의성을 위한 단지 내 편의시설 및 삶의 질을 증진시키기 위한 시설로 변질되었으며, 지역 커뮤니티 활성화에 기여하지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) The concept of a traditional community refers to a village community within a local community. These community facilities are conceptually and nationally oriented toward being open to the outside world. However, due to the recent universalization of individualism and the coronavirus pandemic, which has been prevalent since 2020, community facilities that can only be used by an unspecified number of people are planned to be closed, and this has been implemented. Accordingly, this study analyzes the community facilities of apartment complexes built after 2021, examines how individualistic culture has affected apartment complexes, and examines the future directions of community facilities. (Method) In order to investigate the status of community facilities in apartment complexes, buildings with more than 1,000 households completed in Seoul after 2021 were targeted, and the number was limited to 3,000 households or less to reduce variation depending on size. In addition, to conduct a direct and accurate investigation and analysis of community facilities, we conducted research on the openness and closure of community facilities, focusing on accessibility to outsiders through direct visits and inspections of the target site, along with an analysis of the current status of community facilities through the layout plan. (Results) The results derived from this case show that apartment complexes built after 2021 tend to be planned in places that are difficult for outsiders to access by being placed in the center of the complex, underground spaces, sky lounges, etc., in the operation of community facilities. In some cases, entry by outsiders was prohibited. Due to these cases, even if community facilities are open to outsiders, it is difficult for outsiders to participate in the community due to location, accessibility, etc. (Conclusions) The conclusions based on the analysis results of this study are as follows. First, recently built apartment complexes often lack open-community facilities. Second, plans for these community facilities often do not consider outsider access at the design stage. Third, community facilities are often planned in internal spaces that can only be used by residents, rather than in spaces open to the outside. Fourth, recent trends show that community facilities have degenerated into facilities that improve the quality of life and amenities within complexes for the convenience of residents inside apartment complexes, rather than community communities, and do not contribute to revitalizing the local community. was analyzed.
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