역사 도시의 정체성을 표현한 공공조형물 평가에 관한 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) In the case of cities with a strong historical image, efforts should be made to emphasize the city's historical and cultural characteristics and restore its unique identity to improve citizens' living conditions and preserve historical and cultural spaces, rather than development-oriented urban policies, such as of new cities. Accordingly, this study developed an evaluation index to measure the performance of public sculptures by deriving evaluation factors that express the historical identity of a city as an urban public design policy. (Method) To derive the evaluation indicators for public sculptures in historical cities, research was conducted in the following manner. First, types were classified by understanding the current conditions of public sculptures installed in domestic historical cities. Second, we derived the elements necessary for evaluating public sculptures with historical characteristics through the advice and survey of experts in related fields. Third, we derived the detailed factors and evaluated their importance through experts’ survey. Fourth, we discussed the evaluation and development direction of public sculptures in historical cities through an actual case study using the allocation points for each element derived from the importance analysis. (Results) We derived eight development factors: historicity, branding, artistry, technicality, economics, placement, environmentality, and interactivity, through literature review and expert survey. The CVR analysis for each element showed that the placement of the sculpture was the most important developmental factor, followed by its historicity. Next, artistry, environmentality, and interactivity were found to be important at similar levels, whereas economics and branding were the least important. In the evaluation results of Ungbi Tower and Samjok-oh, Ungbi Tower generally showed higher scores than Samjok-oh. This may be attributed to the high historical value of the city, historical assets (relics), and recognition of characters. (Conclusions) From a public design perspective, the installation of sculptures is an important design strategy that can represent the urban historical identity in urban regeneration and development. Therefore, this study explored public sculptures from the perspective of public design in domestic historical cities, derived evaluation elements of historical city sculptures through theoretical considerations and expert surveys, and analyzed the importance of each element and its affects factors such as historicity, branding, and interactivity depending on the historical assets (relics) and recognition of characters; accessibility according to the recognition of the space where the sculpture was installed was found to be a very important factor.