VR 콘텐츠 시각 자극 요소에 따른 각성과 반응 -뇌파 분석을 활용하여-
Arousal and response according to visual stimulating elements in VR contents -Utilizing brainwave analysis-
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(연구배경 및 목적) VR 콘서트는 향유자가 확장된 스크린 영상 내에서 자유롭게 시선을 이동하며 오브제들을 마주하기에 전통적 미디어와는 다른 연출기법을 필요로 한다. 이에 따라 최근 몰입감 있고 사용을 지속시키기 위한 VR 연출 요소에 대한 연구는 활발하게 진행되어 왔으나 연출 요소가 실제로 체험자에게 미치는 영향에 대한 실질적인 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 VR 콘서트를 경험하는 개인의 집중과 흥미를 이끄는 연출 범위의 시각 자극 요소를 밝혀내고 분석 결과를 통해 콘텐츠 제작 단계에서 필요한 실증적 자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법) 먼저 선행 연구를 분석하여 뇌파-VR을 활용한 각성 반응, 시각 자극 요소, 영상 분석 방법을 정리하여 뇌파를 활용한 실험을 설계하였다. 다음으로 20-30대 사용자 30명을 대상으로 한 실험 후 뇌파 데이터 통계를 통한 고 각성 구간, 뇌파의 RBA 지표를 이용한 각성 최고점 및 최저점에 따른 시각 자극 요소를 분석하였고 실험 후 결과 해석 및 보완을 위한 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 시각 자극 요소 파악을 위한 콘텐츠 분석은 컴퓨터비전을 활용하였다.(결과) 각성 활성화 구간, 각성 최고점 및 최저점의 시각 자극을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 고 각성 구간에서 공간전환은 약 20초에 한 번씩, 등장인물이 바뀔 때 관찰되었고 등장인물의 움직임은 최소 13초부터 최대 36초 동안 지속되었다. CG 효과는 모든 장면에 나타났고 대부분이 광선, 무대조명을 포함한 라이팅이었다. 색상은 공간 전환 혹은 장면 변화에 따라 약 60초마다 한 번씩 변화가 관찰되었다. 각성 최고점들은 공간 전환과 색상 변화가 일어난 후 나타난 장면으로 아티스트가 공연하는 모습을 실감 나게 표현한 장면들로 각 장면에서 모두 두 가지 이상의 CG 효과가 삽입된 것으로 나타났다. (결론) 본 연구는 VR 환경 내 시각 자극 요소에 따른 사용자 뇌파 데이터를 살펴봄으로써 체험자의 만족을 주는 VR 콘텐츠 제작 가능성을 보여주었다는 점과 인공지능을 활용한 영상 콘텐츠 분석 방법을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 한계점으로는 피실험자 수가 적어 참여자를 모두로 일반화하기 어렵다는 점과 각성 활성화 정도에 따른 체험자 만족감에 대한 입증은 시도되지 않았다는 점이다. 향후 다수의 피실험자를 대상으로 하여 연구 결과에 대한 검증을 수행할 것이며 시각 자극 요소에 따른 각성 활성화 정도가 어떻게 체험자에게 만족감을 주는지에 관한 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) VR concerts require different production techniques than traditional media because the user can freely move their eyes around the extended screen image and encounter objects. As a result, there has been a lot of research on VR production elements for immersive and sustained use, but there is a lack of practical research on the effects of production elements on the actual experience. Therefore, this study aims to identify the visual stimulus elements of the production range that lead to the concentration and interest of individuals experiencing VR concerts, and to provide empirical data for the content production stage through the analysis results. (Methods) First, we analyzed previous studies to summarize the arousal response, visual stimulation elements, and video analysis methods using EEG and VR, and designed an experiment using EEG. Next, after the experiment with 30 users in their 20s and 30s, we analyzed the high-arousal period through EEG data statistics, the visual stimulus elements according to the peak and trough of arousal using the RBA indicator of EEG, and conducted a survey after the experiment to interpret and supplement the results. Moreover, content analysis to identify visual stimulus elements was performed using computer vision. (Results) We examined the visual stimuli during the arousal activation section, peak and trough arousal. During the high arousal period, spatial transitions were observed approximately once every 20 seconds, during character changes, and character movements lasted a minimum of 13 seconds and a maximum of 36 seconds. CG effects were present in all scenes, mostly lighting, including rays and stage lights. Colors were observed to change approximately once every 60 seconds with spatial transitions or scene changes. The arousal peaks occurred after spatial transitions and color changes, which were realistic representations of the artist performing, and each scene contained at least two CG effects. (Conclusions) The significance of this study is that it showed the possibility of creating VR content that satisfies users by examining user EEG data according to visual stimuli in the VR environment, and presented a method for analyzing video content using artificial intelligence. On the other hand, limitations include the difficulty of generalizing the results to all participants due to the small number of subjects, and the fact that we did not attempt to prove the satisfaction of the participants according to the degree of arousal activation. In the future, it is necessary to verify the results with a large number of subjects and to conduct follow-up studies on how the degree of arousal activation according to visual stimulus elements provides satisfaction to the experiencer.
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