초고층 주상복합 건축물의 시대적 변천에 따른 단위세대 평면 공간특성에 관한 연구
A Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Unit Floor Plan by the Transition of Times of High-Rise Residential Complex buildings
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(연구배경 및 목적) 주상복합은 직주근접 구현으로 도심공동화를 해결하기 위해 1970년대 우리나라에 도입되었다. 이후 규제 완화로 인한 공급증가에 기술의 발달이 더해져 초고층화됨에 따라 랜드마크로서의 가치가 급부상하였다. 시대적 흐름에 따라 장단점이 달리 해석되며 시기적 변화를 거친 초고층 주상복합의 단위세대 평면을 정량적으로 분석하여 그 변화를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 시대적 흐름에 기반한 가설을 검증하고 추후 초고층 주상복합 건축물의 단위세대 평면 계획의 참고자료로 삼고자 한다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 2002년부터 2022년까지를 시대적 흐름의 관점에서 세 가지 시기로 구분하고 각 시기의 사례를 선정해 연구한다. 공간구문론의 Depth-map 프로그램 도구를 이용해 평면도 내의 공간을 수치화하여 비교 분석하는 것으로 연구를 정량화하였다. 공간구분변수로는 연결도, 통제도, 통합도, 명료도 네 가지 지표를 통해 분석하였다. (결과) 단위세대 평면의 각 공간구문변수 평균값 중 연결도, 명료도는 2기에서 증가 후 3기에서 감소하였으며 통합도는 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 공간의 성격별 분석 중 공적공간의 연결도, 통제도는 점차 감소하였고, 통합도는 2>3>1기 순으로 높은 값이 나왔다. 세부공간의 통합도 분석 결과 거실은 1기가, 복도는 2기가 가장 높았다. 사적공간의 연결도는 시기별로 증가하였고, 통제도와 통합도는 2기가 가장 높았으며 세부공간인 안방의 통합도는 평균과 비교하였을 때 1기가 가장 낮았다. (결론) 본 연구는 초고층 주상복합의 단위세대 평면을 독립적인 주거공간으로 바라보고 가설을 세워 공간구문론을 통해 구조와 관계를 분석하였다. 시대적 흐름에 따른 단위세대 평면 전체공간은 접근성이 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 인식성은 2기 단위세대 평면이 평균적으로 가장 유리하였다. 또한, 공적공간의 접근성이 높아지는 방향과 사적공간의 접근성이 낮아지는 방향으로 시기별 변화가 이루어지지 않았다. 이를 통해 사회, 문화적으로 주거공간의 중요성이 대두된 현시점에서 초고층 주상복합의 단위세대 평면이 공적-사적 성격을 고려하여 개발되어야 함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 한계는 사례의 포괄성으로, 세부 변인을 고려한 추가적인 분석 연구가 이루어지길 기대한다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) The residential and commercial complex was introduced in Korea in the 1970s to solve the hollowing-out of the city by realizing direct residential proximity. Since then, technological development has been added to the increase in supply due to deregulation, and its value as a landmark has rapidly risen. The advantages and disadvantages were interpreted differently depending on the trend of the times, and we tried to quantitatively analyze the unit floor plan of the high-rise residential and commercial complexes that underwent seasonal changes. This study aims to hypothesize based on the trends of the times and use it as a reference for future unit floor plans of high-rise residential and commercial complex buildings. (Method) This study is divided into three periods from 2002 to 2022, and cases from each period are selected and studied. The study was quantified by quantifying and comparatively analyzing the space within the floor plan using the Depth-map program of spatial syntax, and connectivity, control, integration, and intelligibility were selected as indicators. (Results) As a result of analyzing the average value of spatial syntax variables in the unit household plane, the degree of connectivity and intelligibility decreased from period 2 to period 3 after the increase, and integration tended to gradually increase. In the analysis by a space character, the degree of connectivity and control of public spaces gradually decreased, and the degree of integration was high in the order of 2>3>1. As a result of analyzing the integration of detailed space, the living room in period 1 and the hallway in period 2 were the highest. The degree of connectivity of private spaces increased by period, and the degree of control and integration was highest in period 2, and the lowest level of integration between the master room, which is a detailed space. (Conclusions) In this study, the unit floor plan of high-rise residential and commercial complexes was viewed as an independent living space, and the structure and relationship were analyzed through spatial syntax. The overall space of the unit floor plan showed an increase in accessibility, but the unit floor plan of period 2 was the most advantageous on average. In addition, there was no change over time in the direction of increasing accessibility to public spaces and decreasing accessibility to private spaces. Through this, it was confirmed that the unit floor plan of the high-rise residential and commercial complex should be developed in consideration of public-private characteristics at a time when the importance of residential spaces has emerged socially and culturally. The limitation of this study is the comprehensiveness of the cases, and it is hoped that additional analytical research will be conducted considering detailed variables.
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