복합사회복지시설의 길찾기 지원을 위한 공간구조론 기반 사이니지 시스템의 배치 및 평가
Arrangement and Evaluation of Signage System Based on Spatial Syntax for the Support of Wayfinding in Complex Social Welfare Facility
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(연구배경 및 목적) 사회복지시설이 복합화되면서 길찾기 지원이 필요하며, 특히 공간구조와 관련된 사인시스템의 배치에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 복합사회복지시설의 길찾기 지원을 위한 사이니지 시스템의 적절한 배치를 평가하여 지속적으로 건립 중인 복합사회복지시설의 사인 체계 수립 시 활용성을 검증해보고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. (연구방법) 바이즈만(Weisman)이 제시한 길찾기 이론을 토대로 공간구조론을 적용한 사인 체계의 설계와 시인성에 대한 평가를 복합사회복지시설을 대상으로 실시하였다. 이를 통해 복합사회복지시설의 공간구조와 사인 체계 간의 관계성을 살펴보았다. 공간구조론을 활용하여 사이니지 시스템과 공간구조와의 관계를 두 가지 측면을 중심으로 분석하였다. 평면의 구성은 공간구문론을 이용하여 공간의 중심성과 보행자의 이용패턴을 예측하는 것을 중심으로 분석하였다. 또한 가시성그래프분석을 이용하여 사인의 시지각적 접근성을 평가하여 재배치하는 것을 통해 개선 효과를 분석하였다. (결과) 평면구성적 측면에서 통합도와 국부통합도가 복도와 로비를 중심으로 높게 나타났다. 대부분의 보행자가 이 복도와 로비에 밀집된다는 것을 유추할 수 있으므로 길찾기의 단서를 이 공간에서 얻을 수 있기 때문에 방향사인은 복도와 로비공간에 효율적으로 설치되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 1층과 5층은 공간구조가 상대적으로 명료하지 않아서 공간에 대한 사전정보가 없이는 원하는 목적지에 도달하기 어려움이 있으므로 사인의 적극적인 설치가 요구된다. 반면에 3층과 4층은 명료도가 상당히 높으므로 사인물에 많이 의지하지 않아도 전체 공간구조를 명확하게 인식할 수 있을 것으로 파악되었다. 가시성그래프분석의 결과는 1층은 주출입구와 인접한 로비와 메인로비 우측에 복도와 교차된 지점의 가시연결도가 가장 높게 나타났다. (결론) 공간구조론을 활용하여 사이니지 시스템을 평가할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 사이니지 시스템을 개선하는 데 정량적인 도구로 활용할 수 있었다. 공간의 복합화로 인해 각 단위공간을 연결하는 복도공간은 공간의 위계상 중심에 위치하여 이용자가 밀집될 가능성이 높으므로 방향사인은 통합도가 높은 복도와 로비에 체계적으로 설치되어야 한다. 그리고 각 층을 연계시키는 수직이동장치는 이용률과 각 층의 기능을 고려하여 안내사인을 배치하여야 한다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) As social welfare facilities are becoming increasingly complex, directional support is required. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriate arrangement of a signage system to support the wayfinding of complex social welfare facilities and to verify the utility of establishing a private system for complex social welfare facilities under construction. (Method) Based on the pathfinding theory proposed by Weisman, the design and visibility of a signage system applying the spatial structure theory were evaluated for complex social welfare facilities. Thus, we examine the relationship between the spatial structure of complex social welfare facilities and the signage system. By applying the spatial structure theory (space syntax theory and visibility graph theory), the relationship between sign and space was analyzed, focusing on two aspects. The composition of the plane was analyzed by focusing on predicting the center of space and the use pattern of pedestrians using spatial syntax. In addition, the improvement effect was analyzed by evaluating and rearranging the visual accessibility of the sign using visibility graph theory. This study focused on visual cognition in terms of connection with the space of the signage system; matters related to graphic design, such as color and shape, were excluded from the scope. (Results) In terms of plan composition, the degree of integration and local integration was high, centered on corridors and lobbies. The spatial structure of the first and fifth floors is relatively unclear, making it difficult to reach the desired destination without prior information about the space; therefore, active installation of private signs is required. However, the third and fourth floors were quite high, and it was found that the entire spatial structure could be clearly recognized without relying on private signs. The visibility graph analysis showed that the visible connection between the lobby adjacent to the main entrance and the point where the corridor intersected on the right side of the main lobby was the highest on the first floor. (Conclusions) It was confirmed that the signage system can be evaluated using the spatial structure theory, and this can be used as a quantitative tool to improve the signage system. Owing to the complexity of the space, the corridor space connecting each unit space is located at the center of the hierarchy of the space and is likely to be crowded with users; therefore, direction signs should be systematically installed in the corridors and lobbies with a high degree of integration. In addition, the vertical movement device connecting each floor should arrange the guide signs considering the utilization rate and function of each floor.
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