프랭크 게리 건축의 입체주의적 특성 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Frank Gehry's architecture is often considered a type of deconstructivist architecture. However, there is a temporal difference between deconstructivist architecture and Gehry's architecture, and it seems limited to explain Gehry's cutting-edge architecture from the 1960s to the present day only with deconstructivist architecture that was popular mainly in the 1980s. Moreover, the close relationship between Frank Gehry and the art world is already well known. The relationship between art and Gehry's architecture seems to have more potential to provide a broader understanding than the relationship with deconstructivism, due to the diversity and deep history of the art world. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between the avant-garde art cubism that led to the early 20th century and Gehry's architecture, and through this, lay the foundation for the study of the artistic characteristics of Gehry's architecture. (Method) The research was mainly conducted through literature review and analysis of art and architecture works. The research sequence is as follows. First, an analysis framework was derived through the analysis of Cubism, and then Gehry's works were examined to see if they correspond to the characteristics of the analysis framework. The analysis of Gehry's works focuses on three themes: 1) material usage and composition methods, 2) formality, and 3) dimensional immanence. The analysis of Cubism focused on the works of Picasso and Braque, who are believed led the art movement. The analysis of Gehry's architecture focused on 3-groups of works in which the nature of his architectural style distinctly changed from his early time in the mid-1960s through to his masterpiece <Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, 1997>. (Results) The analysis revealed that both Cubism and Gehry's architecture share close connections in terms of 1) material usage and composition methods, 2) formality, and 3) dimensional immanence. Both arts utilize collage compositions using everyday materials and follow architectural formal logic where individual masses are robustly inter-connected, contrasting with the perspectival space of the Renaissance. Additionally, both arts place importance on their intrinsic nature, seeking to artistically overcome the intrinsic dimension by utilizing their nature to the limit. In particular, <Guggenheim Museum Bilbao> has been shown to reflect Cubist characteristics at the highest level. While some works only partially reflected Cubist traits, the overall view of Gehry's works revealed a sustained influence of Cubism. (Conclusions) This study is significant in that it confirms the deep connection between Gehry's architecture and the essence of cubism. Considering that cubism was the leading avant-garde art movement of the 20th century, the connection that Gehry's architecture has with cubism can be seen as a cornerstone for a deep understanding of Gehry's architecture from an art historical perspective.