바이오미미크리 건축 외피 차양의 일사 저감효과에 관한 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) As energy efficiency has become a significant focus in architecture, the need for energy-saving measures for older buildings in South Korea has become increasingly evident. Therefore, this study explores façade systems that incorporate biomimicry principles by emulating the ecological characteristics found in nature to reduce solar radiation and improve indoor environmental comfort. Biomimicry-based façade designs offer the potential to reduce energy consumption in buildings while maintaining uniform light distribution indoors, thereby enhancing the overall comfort of interior spaces. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a nature-inspired façade system in reducing solar radiation in buildings and improving energy efficiency. (Method) This study analyzes biomimicry applications in architectural examples to identify and categorize potential emulation models. Through this classification, plants were identified as effective biomimetic models for energy efficiency, focusing on the functions associated with the stomata. Different plant types, such as alpine plants, succulents, aquatic plants, and shrubs, were selected as inspiration for the façade modules, and their impacts on solar radiation and indoor illumination were analyzed. The opening ratios of the façade designs (10%, 30%, and 50%) were adjusted according to the functional characteristics of each type, allowing a comparison of the solar reduction efficiency, daylight uniformity, and solar performance. Simulations were conducted using the Rhino, Grasshopper, and Ladybug tools, with solar radiation data for the Yongsan District in Seoul used as the basis for evaluating the energy efficiency of each façade module. (Results) The analysis revealed that the 30% opening ratio model inspired by succulent plants achieved the most effective solar reduction, with a total solar radiation of 12.77 kWh/㎡, thus significantly reducing solar gain indoors. This model also achieved a high daylight uniformity of 0.7, thereby ensuring visual comfort in interior spaces. The aquatic plant-inspired facade recorded a solar radiation value of 7.58 kWh/㎡, providing balanced solar reduction and uniform lighting at a 50% opening ratio. Meanwhile, the shrub-inspired façade demonstrated a relatively low solar reduction efficiency, leading to subpar performance in heating and cooling loads and daylight uniformity compared with the other façade models. (Conclusions) This study demonstrated the effectiveness of biomimicry-inspired building façades in reducing solar radiation and improving indoor environmental quality. The succulent plant-inspired model emerged as the optimal façade in terms of balanced lighting and energy efficiency. Consequently, this study highlights the potential of biomimicry-based façade design as a sustainable architectural solution and underscores the need for further research to adapt such designs to diverse environmental contexts.