공공도서관 자료이용영역의 공간구성 유형별 가시성 그래프 분석(VGA) 연구 -감염병 대응을 위한 공간 평가의 관점에서-
A Study on VGA of Public Library Data Use Areas by Space Configuration Type -From the Perspective of Space Evaluation for Infectious Disease Response-
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(연구배경 및 목적) 코로나19 팬데믹은 공공시설의 공간 안전성에 대한 재고찰을 요구하고 있으며, 특히 지역사회의 필수 문화 인프라인 공공도서관의 공간 특성에 대한 체계적 분석의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 팬데믹 이후 공공도서관은 방역과 안전을 고려한 새로운 공간 패러다임이 요구되며, 본 연구는 공간구문론을 활용하여 공공도서관 자료이용영역의 공간구성 유형별 특성을 분석하고, 감염병 대응의 관점에서 공간 평가를 시행하였다. (연구방법) 공간 구문 이론의 가시성 그래프 분석(VGA)을 활용하여 공간구성 유형, 서가배치 방식, 서가면적비율에 따른 공간 특성을 분석하였다. VGA의 주요 지표인 가시통합도, 가시명료도를 통해 공간의 인지성과 시각적 접근성을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 연구대상은 고밀도 대도시 지역의 연면적 2,500㎡ 이상 중대형 공공도서관 44개관으로, 이들의 자료이용영역을 레이아웃 특성, 내부 동선, 대칭성, 방향전환 패턴에 따라 I, L, C, O-Type의 네 가지 유형으로 분류하여 분석하였다. (결과) VGA 분석 결과, I, L-Type이 평균가시통합도와 가시명료도에서 우수한 특성을 보였으며, 이는 공간의 직관적 인지와 효율적 동선 형성에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 I-Type은 장방형 평면형태와 균등한 서가배치를 통해 높은 공간 인지성을 확보하였으며, L-Type은 단일 방향전환 구조로 인해 시각적 개방성과 접근성이 우수했다. 반면 C, O-Type 중 복잡하고 깊은 구조의 평면형태는 상대적으로 낮은 공간 인지성을 보였다. 서가배치 측면에서는 C-Type의 방향전환 영역 오픈공간 확보와 O-Type의 중정 면 서가배치가 공간의 가시성과 접근성 향상에 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. (결론) 본 연구는 VGA를 통해 공공도서관 자료이용영역의 공간구성 유형별 특성을 정량적으로 분석하여, 감염병 대응을 위한 공간 평가의 기초자료를 제시하였다. 분석 결과는 각 공간구성 유형이 가진 고유한 특성과 한계점을 보여주며, 이는 향후 공공도서관 설계 시 공간 안전성 확보를 위한 중요한 참고자료가 될 수 있다. 다만, 본 연구의 분석 결과가 실제 이용자 행태에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 후속 연구를 통한 실증적 검증이 필요함을 제안한다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) The COVID-19 pandemic s highlighted a need to rethink the spatial safety of public facilities. In particular, the need for a systematic analysis of the spatial characteristics of public libraries, which are essential cultural infrastructures of local communities, is being raised. After the pandemic, public libraries require a new spatial paradigm that prioritizes epidemic prevention and safety. This study aims to analyze the spatial configuration of public library resource use areas using spatial syntax theory, and conduct spatial evaluation from the perspective of infectious disease response. (Method) Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) of spatial syntax theory was used to analyze spatial characteristics configuration type, shelf arrangement, and shelf area ratio. The main indicators of VGA–mean visual integration and visual intelligibility–were used to quantitatively evaluate spatial cognizability and accessibility. The subjects of the study were 44 medium and large public libraries, each with a gross floor area of 2,500㎡ or more, in a high-density metropolitan area, and their data use areas were analyzed by classifying them into four types: I, L, C, and O-Type according to layout characteristics, internal circulation, symmetry, and directional transition patterns. (Results) The VGA results showed that I- and L-types had superior characteristics in terms of mean visual integration and visual intelligibility, favorable for the intuitive perception of space and efficient flow formation. In particular, I-type secured high spatial awareness through the rectangular floor plan and even shelf arrangement, and L-type had excellent visual openness and accessibility owing to the single -directional transition structure. In contrast, C- and O-types, characterized by more complex and deep floor plans, had lower spatial perceptions. In terms of bookshelf placement, securing open spaces in the turning area of C-Type and placing bookshelves in the middle of O-Type effectively improved the visibility and accessibility. (Conclusion) This study quantitatively analyzed the spatial configurations of public library resource-use areas using VGA and presented foundational data for space evaluation of infectious disease response. The results highlight the unique characteristics and limitations of each type of space configuration, which can serve as an important reference for securing space safety in future public library designs. However, it is suggested that empirical verification of the impact of the results of this study on actual user behavior is necessary through follow-up studies.
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