공간 경험 향상을 위한 공간정보의 요소에 관한 연구-노인시설의 way-finding 관계중심으로-

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Spatial experience can be defined as the holistic activity in which users perceive, respond to, and interact with space through cognition, emotion, and memory. A well-designed space should offer meaningful and positive experiences, particularly for the elderly, who may face difficulties in understanding and navigating complex environments. In this demographic, spatial information is a crucial element. This study is to ascertain the fundamental components of spatial information that are indispensable to elderly users when experiencing or navigating through space in a sequential manner to accomplish specific goals. This study also explores the types of spatial images that may emerge in the process and investigates strategies to reduce cognitive overload, thereby proposing appropriate directions for presenting spatial information tailored to the needs of elderly users. The ultimate objective is to enhance spatial experiences through the efficient delivery of information. (Method) The research methodology is twofold. First, a theoretical review is conducted, focusing on wayfinding theory, cognitive load theory, and Kevin Lynch’s theory of the image of the city. These theories are used to derive evaluation criteria related to three dimensions of spatial experience. Second, exemplary elderly welfare facilities (nursing homes) in the Netherlands, Norway, Japan, and South Korea are analyzed based on these evaluation criteria. The analysis focuses on the spatial information components and cognitive load characteristics within these environments. The scope of the study includes various types of elderly care institutions with different conditions and functions. (Results) The findings reveal that in all selected cases, spatial information was effectively implemented to provide users with positive spatial experiences. Key strategies for reducing cognitive overload included simplifying and naturalizing the spatial layout, employing visually clear graphic elements, using repetitive verbal information, and presenting visual content that stimulates the senses. (Conclusions) The study concludes that the spatial experience of space unfolds through distinct stages: the recognition of direction during the discovery of a place; the setting of a path during the approach; the interpretation of space during route confirmation; and the internalization of place upon arrival. This process ultimately constitutes memory and thereby finalises the value of the location as an experiential environment. While advanced elderly care facilities in Europe apply integrated wayfinding strategies combining environmental design, information design, and cognitive psychology, facilities in Korea and Japan tend to rely primarily on visual signage. This limited application can lead to differences in spatial recognition and levels of cognitive load. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies for spatial information provision in elderly spaces moving forward.