도시 포켓파크에 특화된 CPTED 특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) As urban density increases and the availability of usable land decreases, pocket parks—small-scale public spaces created from leftover urban areas—are gaining attention as a way to enhance urban livability. However, the irregular sizes, locations, and spatial constraints of pocket parks make it difficult to apply existing Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles consistently. These spatial limitations often create safety vulnerabilities, such as reduced natural surveillance and poorly defined territorial boundaries. In response, this study explores the spatial characteristics of urban pocket parks and examines their compatibility with CPTED strategies, with the goal of developing tailored design strategies that enhance both safety and usability. (Method) The study began with a review of relevant literature and an analysis of previous studies on urban parks and public spaces, from which key spatial elements and evaluation factors were extracted. Based on these findings, the physical, social, and environmental characteristics of pocket parks were categorized. A linkage analysis was then conducted between these characteristics and the six core CPTED principles. To validate the relevance, practicality, and design applicability of the spatial elements and characteristics, a Focus Group Interview (FGI) was conducted with five experts specializing in urban design, environmental design, and public design. The interview results guided revisions to terminology and helped clarify overlapping or ambiguous categories. (Results) Through this process, the characteristics of urban pocket parks were reorganized into three main categories: physical, social, and environmental. Each category was then cross-referenced with CPTED principles to identify elements most compatible with design strategies. Among the six CPTED principles, four—natural surveillance, access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance—were found most applicable to pocket parks, whereas the other two (activity support and target hardening) were considered less relevant due to spatial constraints. A total of 15 specific CPTED-related design characteristics were derived, with natural surveillance emerging as the most critical strategy. Specific design directions were proposed to enhance natural surveillance, including maximizing visibility, ensuring openness, inducing activity, planning appropriate vegetation, and strengthening visual connectivity with surrounding areas. (Conclusions) This study contributes to the practical application of CPTED by identifying design strategies specifically adapted to the spatial realities of urban pocket parks. The findings provide a foundational reference for developing CPTED-based design guidelines and urban public space policies. Moreover, this study is significant for expanding the applicability of CPTED theory to small-scale, irregular urban spaces, offering both academic and practical implications for crime prevention and the design of safe public spaces.