중국 문자의 기원에 관한 생각들과 문해력
Ideas on the Origins of Chinese writing and Literacy
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이 논문은 중국 문자의 출현에 대하여, 중국의 전통적 설명부터 현대의 이론에 이르기까지 다양한 접근들을 비판적으로 검토한다. 전통적 접근은 안양 문자 이전의 토기와 기물에 나타나는 부호들을 대상으로 형태적 유사성을 근거로 문자의 기원을 추적하지만, 그 부호들의 기능과 문자로의 전환에 대하여 여전히 설명하지 못한다. 현대의 접근은 중국의 문자 출현을 단기간의 발명으로 보는 이론과 점진적으로 축적된 문화적 진화의 결과로 보는 견해가 대표적이다. 이 두 가지 가설 역시 우리가 확보한 고고학적 정보 안에서 설명할 수 있는 한계를 넘어선 측면이 있다. 대안적 접근으로 필자는 안양 문자 이전의 자료를 동원하지 않고, 안양 문자 그 자체만으로 문자의 형성과 발전에 대한 진화론적 설명이 가능하다는 것을 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study critically examines various approaches to the emergence of Chinese writing, from traditional accounts to modern theories. The traditional approach traces the origin of Chinese characters back to signs on pottery and artifacts that predate the oracle bone inscriptions excavated in Anyang, based on morphological similarities. However, this approach fails to clarify the functions of those signs and their transition into characters. Modern theories include, on the one hand, the idea that the emergence of Chinese writing was a short-term invention, and on the other, the view that it resulted from gradual cultural evolution. Both hypotheses contain elements that go beyond what our current archaeological evidence can explain. As an alternative, I propose an evolutionary explanation for the formation and development of characters, relying solely on the oracle bone inscriptions from Anyang, without resorting to earlier archaeological materials.
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