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한국과 일본의 미군정기 치안정책 비교 연구

A Comparative Study on the Police Policy in South Korea and Japan during the American Military Occupation

김창윤
경찰대학 (Korea National Police University)|2009.08|경찰학연구 (The Journal of Police Science)|제9권 제2호|pp. 39-72|DOI 10.22816/polsci.2009.9.2.002

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키워드

일본경찰경찰Police치안정책Police Policy한국경찰USAMGIK(United States Army Military Government in Korea)Japan Police한국 미군정일본 미군정GHQ(General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers)South Korea Police
주제분류법학

초록

The American military occupations of South Korea(1945-1948) and Japan(1945-1952) after the world war Ⅱ had great influences on the history of South Korea and Japan, the contents and systems. This study attempts to analyze the characters of police policy and their effects on the police systems in South Korea and Japan. For the purpose of this study, it uses a policy process theory on the police policy of Korea and Japan during the American military occupation. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows. In the case of South Korea, firstly, the police policy of the introduction of police system period(1945.9-1946.3) are direct rule system building and centralized police system building. These policies are effected on an anti-soviet union and anti-communist policy. Secondly, the police policy of the growth of police system period(1946.4-1947.8) is removing the communist party. This policy is effected on strengthening south Korea and upbringing the neutrals policy. Thirdly, the police policy of the establishment of police system period(1947.9-1948.8) are the expansion of police system and the auxiliary police expansion building. These policies are effected on founding south Korea independence government policy. In the case of Japan, firstly, the police policy of the reform of police system period(1945.9-1947.11) is police democracy policy. This policy is effected on a demilitarization and democracy policy. Secondly, the police policy of the decentralization of police system period(1947.12-1952.4) are decentralization of police and democratization of police management. This policy is effected on economy reconstruction policy. The political and ideological determinants were much more important than socioeconomic determinants and these determinants effect on the policies of police. The policies of USAMGIK(United States Army Military Government in Korea) and GHQ(General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) effect on the police policies in South Korea and Japan. In Korea, the policies of USAMGIK contributed to modernize the police policy and police system. The police of USAMGIK played the principal role in setting up the government of South Korea. And centralized police system continued to exist for a long time. In Japan, the policies of GHQ(General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) contributed to modernize the police policy and police system. The police of GHQ played the principal role in setting up the government of Japan. And decentralized police system effected on the system of Japan's police and it continued to exist for a long time.

Abstract

The American military occupations of South Korea(1945-1948) and Japan(1945-1952) after the world war Ⅱ had great influences on the history of South Korea and Japan, the contents and systems. This study attempts to analyze the characters of police policy and their effects on the police systems in South Korea and Japan. For the purpose of this study, it uses a policy process theory on the police policy of Korea and Japan during the American military occupation. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows. In the case of South Korea, firstly, the police policy of the introduction of police system period(1945.9-1946.3) are direct rule system building and centralized police system building. These policies are effected on an anti-soviet union and anti-communist policy. Secondly, the police policy of the growth of police system period(1946.4-1947.8) is removing the communist party. This policy is effected on strengthening south Korea and upbringing the neutrals policy. Thirdly, the police policy of the establishment of police system period(1947.9-1948.8) are the expansion of police system and the auxiliary police expansion building. These policies are effected on founding south Korea independence government policy. In the case of Japan, firstly, the police policy of the reform of police system period(1945.9-1947.11) is police democracy policy. This policy is effected on a demilitarization and democracy policy. Secondly, the police policy of the decentralization of police system period(1947.12-1952.4) are decentralization of police and democratization of police management. This policy is effected on economy reconstruction policy. The political and ideological determinants were much more important than socioeconomic determinants and these determinants effect on the policies of police. The policies of USAMGIK(United States Army Military Government in Korea) and GHQ(General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) effect on the police policies in South Korea and Japan. In Korea, the policies of USAMGIK contributed to modernize the police policy and police system. The police of USAMGIK played the principal role in setting up the government of South Korea. And centralized police system continued to exist for a long time. In Japan, the policies of GHQ(General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) contributed to modernize the police policy and police system. The police of GHQ played the principal role in setting up the government of Japan. And decentralized police system effected on the system of Japan's police and it continued to exist for a long time.

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