경찰의 정신질환 위기대처방안에 대한 연구 : 미국의 위기개입팀 프로그램을 중심으로
Crisis Intervention Team(CIT) Metrics : Methods of Improving Police Performance During Encounters with Person with Mental Illness
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초록
정신질환자의 위기상황에 가장 처음 대처해야 하는 법집행기관은 경찰관이다. 경찰이 대면하는 정신질환자는 점차적으로 증가하고 있고, 정신질환 범죄자의 수 또한 증가하고 있지만 우리나라 경찰은 정신건강과 관련된 훈련이나 교육을 충분히 받지 못하고 있다. 현존하는 매뉴얼도 현장의 경찰관에게 필요한 도움을 충분히 주지 못하고 있다. 미국의 경우 경찰관이 정신질환자를 대처하는 방법과 기술에 관한 모델인 위기개입팀(Crisis Intervention Team)이 존재하는데, 실무적으로나 경제적으로나 효과성이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국에서 개발되고 활용되는 위기개입팀의 내용과 사용모델을 개관하고, 이를 바탕으로 국내 경찰관들의 교육과 훈련에 주는 시사점에 대하여 연구하고자 한다. 더불어 본 연구의 의의, 시사점, 그리고 후속 연구 방향에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
Police officers are often the first law enforcement responders to incidents involving people with mental illness. In Korea, encounters between police and people with mental illnesses are common, and the prevalence of mentally disordered offenders has been increasing. Even though the police are responsible for maintain public order and defuse volatile situations involving persons who are mentally ill, they often feel inadequately equipped or supported to deal with the crises involving person with mental illness. In the U.S, the use of police response model, such as the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT model) was developed and adopted for police departments nationally, as the CIT model intervene more effectively and humanely in situations involving troubled individuals. CIT can be thought of as a method for reducing the risk of injury to police officers and mentally ill persons, diverting persons to mental health treatment instead of jail. The legal and theoretical implications of the results and future directions for research are discussed.
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