증거기반 경찰활동과 경험적 연구에 대한 일선 경찰관의 수용성 및 거부감 연구
Police Officer Receptivity and Resistance to Evidence-Based Policing and Empirical Research: Evidence from Front-line Officers in Seoul, South Korea
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초록
1990년대 후반 Sherman이 증거기반 경찰활동의 중요성을 제시한 이래 경찰활동을 방법론적으로 엄격히 평가하는 다양한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 경찰조직의 내부 또는 외부에서 수행되는 엄격하고 체계적인 연구들은 경찰에게 편향되지 않은 객관적인 정보를 제공하고 보다 효과적인 정책결정을 이끌 수 있다. 이때, 연구결과를 수용하고 이를 정책 활동에 반영하려는 일선 경찰관들의 능동적인 태도와 수용의지는 증거기반 경찰활동의 성공적인 도입과 실행에 핵심적인 요인이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 대한민국 서울시 7개 경찰서의 일선 경찰관을 대상으로 증거기반 경찰활동과 경험적 연구에 대한 인식을 조사하고 이를 탐색적으로 분석하였다. 연구의 결과 증거기반 경찰활동과 경험적 연구에 대한 서울 일선 경찰관들의 거부감은 해외 연구와 비교했을 때 전반적으로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 또한, 증거기반 경찰활동과 경험적 연구에 대해 서울 일선 경찰들은 비교적 수용적인 태도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 이들의 증거기반 경찰활동의 개념에 대한 실질적 이해도는 높지 않으며, 과학적인 지식을 실질적으로 업무에 활용하는 수준이 제한적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 증거기반 경찰활동의 실질적인 도입방안을 제안하고, 증거기반 경찰활동에 대한 일선 경찰관들의 수용성을 높이고 거부감을 낮출 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Understanding front-line officers' receptivity to evidence-based policing (EBP) and empirical research is crucial, as they are responsible for implementing police strategies and policies in the field. Despite its importance, little is known about the extent to which front-line officers in South Korea are receptive or resistant to EBP and empirical research. To address this gap, we collected survey data from 467 front-line officers in Seoul, aiming to gain insights into their receptivity and resistance to research and EBP. Overall, the results of the study reveal that officers tend to be receptive to EBP and empirical research, recognizing their value and the importance of collaborating with researchers to reduce crime. However, at the same time, officers' limited understanding of EBP and lack of willingness to apply scientific evidence to their daily work exist. Specifically, officers tend to prioritize experience over research for guiding practice, perceive criminal investigation as more important than crime prevention, use materials produced by crime analysts and statistics infrequently in their daily work, and rarely attend conferences. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions to improve their receptivity to empirical research EBP and enhance police adoption of EBP in their day-to-day work.
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