국내 교정시설의 스토킹 가해자에 대한 유형별 특성 분석
Characteristics and Classification of Incarcerated Stalking Offenders in South Korea Using Mullen’s Typology
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본 연구는 스토킹처벌법에 따라 교정시설에 수감된 스토킹 가해자의 스토킹 범죄와 가해자 특성을 보다 세밀하고 구체적으로 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 수사재판기록을 조사하여 스토킹 범죄와 관련된 정보를 다각도로 수집하고, Mullen의 스토커 유형 분류법을 사용해 가해자를 네 가지 유형(거절당한 자, 친밀관계 추구자, 무능한 구애자, 분개한 자)으로 분류하였다. 스토킹 재범 위험성 평가 도구인 SAM(Guidelines for Stalking Assessment and Management)을 이용해 각 유형별로 스토킹 범죄 및 가해자 특성의 차이를 다중분석하고 스토킹 폭력에 대한 유형별 차이를 회귀분석하였다. 분석 결과, 국내 스토킹 가해자의 Mullen 유형별 특성은 해외 사례와 유사하였다. 거절당한 자 유형이 가장 많이 발견되었으며, 이 유형은 스토킹 범행 시 폭력 발생 비율이 다른 유형에 비해 가장 높았다. 친밀관계 추구자 유형 역시 폭력 동반 비율이 높았고, 스토킹의 지속 기간은 가장 길었으며, 자신의 행위를 스토킹으로 인식하지 못해 뉘우치지 않는 사고를 보였다. 무능한 구애자 유형은 스토킹 지속 기간이 가장 짧았으며, 대인관계 문제, 고용 및 경제 문제, 반사회적인 생활방식 등이 두드러지며 전반적으로 사회적 기술이 부족한 것으로 평가되었다. 분개한 자 유형은 위협과 협박이 빈번했으나 실제 폭력 발생 비율은 낮았다. 이러한 유형별 특성 파악은 이질적인 스토킹 가해자를 보다 관리 가능한 하위 유형으로 분류하여, 증거 기반의 위험관리 및 개입 방안을 제시하는 데 기여할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of stalking crimes and offender characteristics among individuals incarcerated under the Stalking Punishment Act in South Korea. To achieve this, the research team gathered comprehensive information on stalking offenses from investigative and court records. Offenders were classified into four types based on Mullen's stalker typology: Rejected, Intimacy Seekers, Incompetent Suitors, and Resentful Stalkers. The study analyzed differences in stalking behaviors and offender traits across these types, using the Guidelines for Stalking Assessment and Management (SAM), a tool designed to assess the risk of stalking recidivism. The results indicated that the typology of domestic stalking offenders in South Korea generally aligned with international patterns. The most prevalent type was the "Rejected" stalker, who exhibited the highest rate of violence during stalking incidents. The "Intimacy Seekers" also demonstrated a high rate of violence, with their stalking behavior persisting for the longest duration. These offenders often failed to recognize their actions as stalking and showed little remorse. The "Incompetent Suitors" had the shortest stalking duration but displayed notable interpersonal difficulties, issues related to employment and finances, and a general lack of social skills, often accompanied by an antisocial lifestyle. The "Resentful" stalkers frequently engaged in threats and intimidation, though actual physical violence was uncommon. Understanding these offender characteristics by type allows for more precise classification of heterogeneous stalking offenders into more manageable subgroups, contributing to the development of evidence-based risk management and intervention strategies.
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