문제해결 중심학습이 예비교사들의 특수교육 학습성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 메타분석
Meta-Analysis of Special Education Learning Outcome of Problem Solving Based Learning for Pre-service Teacher
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이 연구에서는 메타분석을 활용하여 예비교사들을 위한 문제해결 중심학습이 특수교육 학습성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 전체 효과와 특수교육 학습성과의 크기 차이에 영향을 미치는 하위변인이 무엇인지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 예비교사를 대상으로 문제해결 중심학습을 실시하고 특수교육 관련 학습성과를 알아본 국내 실험연구 8편을 선정하여 메타분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 프로젝트 학습을 적용한 연구가 3편, 액션러닝을 적용한 연구가 3편, 문제중심학습을 적용한 연구가 2편으로 나타났다. 전체 8편의 연구물 모두 유의한 효과크기를 보였고, 전체 효과크기는 0.729 (95%CI = 0.54∼0.91)인 중간 정도로 나타났다. 또한 문제해결 중심학습에 대한 하위집단으로 독립변인, 교과목, 소집단 구성원의 수, 종속변인에 따른 효과크기는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 효과 크기가 가장 큰 하위집단은 문제중심학습, 통합교육(교과), 통합교육 인식이었다. 소집단 구성원 수의 경우 구성원 수가 5명 이하인 경우 학습성과가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 문제해결 중심학습이 예비교사의 특수교육 학습성과를 향상시킬 수 있음을 보여주었다. 따라서 예비교사들의 특수교육학습 성과를 높이기 위해 효과의 크기에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 하위변인들을 반영한 문제해결 중심학습의 활성화가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the overall effect of problem solving based learning for pre-service teachers and subgroup variables that affect the learning outcomes of special education by using meta-analysis. For this purpose, eight experimental studies which problem solving based learning was conducted for preservice teachers and investigated the effect of special education-related learning outcomes was analyzed. As a result of the study, three studies applied project based learning, three studies applided action learning, and two studies applied problem based learning. All eight studies showed a significant effect size, and the overall effect size was 0.729 (95% CI = 0.54 ∼ 0.91), which was moderate. The results of subgroup analysis showed that there were significant differences in the effect size according to the independent variable, subject, the number of group members, and the dependent variables. The subgroups with the largest effect size were problem-focused learning, inclusive education, and perception about inclusive education. As for the number of group members, it was found that learning outcomes were greater when the number of members was less than 5 than when the number of members exceeded 5. The results of this study suggested that the necessity of activating problem solving based learning for in special education for pre-service teacher.
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