L3 능숙도에 따른 심리적 언어거리 인식
Learner Perception of Psychological Language Distance on the Development of L3 Proficiency
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Based on the notion of psychotypology (Kellerman, 1983) that can give rise to language transfer, this study investigates Chinese native speakers' perceived language distances among their L1, L2 (English), and L3 (Korean). A total of 36 Chinese speakers filled out the survey questionnaire. Depending on their L3 proficiency, the participants were divided into tri-level (i.e., elementary, intermediate, advanced) groups, each containing 12 people, while all their L2 proficiency was intermediate. Findings report that L1-L3 transfer is more likely to occur than L1-L2 and L2-L3 pairs. L2 status effect on L3 transfer is not expected to occur. Secondly, objectively frequent Sino-Korean words or cognates of Chinese words can be the cause of L1-L3 transfer, whereas Chinese speakers' subjective judgment on the frequency of English loanwords can be the cause of L2-L3 transfer. Thirdly, L3 proficiency effect on the perception of language distance shows Chinese’ increasing meta-awareness of L1-L2 grammatical similarity and their consciousness raising on the frequency of Sino-Korean words. It indicates that participants with elementary and intermediate L3 proficiency can lack the ability to be aware of crosslinguistic similarity. The binding power of Sino-Korean words as a source of lemmatic transfer, and lexemic transfer grounded on the actual similarity of L1-L3 cognate pronunciation and Chinese’ subjective frequency on the L2-L3 English loanwords suggest that the perception on the crosslinguistic similarity through either meaning or form is required for L3 transfer to occur. The discussion on the findings is followed by an examination on future research possibilities and pedagogical implications.
Abstract
Based on the notion of psychotypology (Kellerman, 1983) that can give rise to language transfer, this study investigates Chinese native speakers' perceived language distances among their L1, L2 (English), and L3 (Korean). A total of 36 Chinese speakers filled out the survey questionnaire. Depending on their L3 proficiency, the participants were divided into tri-level (i.e., elementary, intermediate, advanced) groups, each containing 12 people, while all their L2 proficiency was intermediate. Findings report that L1-L3 transfer is more likely to occur than L1-L2 and L2-L3 pairs. L2 status effect on L3 transfer is not expected to occur. Secondly, objectively frequent Sino-Korean words or cognates of Chinese words can be the cause of L1-L3 transfer, whereas Chinese speakers' subjective judgment on the frequency of English loanwords can be the cause of L2-L3 transfer. Thirdly, L3 proficiency effect on the perception of language distance shows Chinese’ increasing meta-awareness of L1-L2 grammatical similarity and their consciousness raising on the frequency of Sino-Korean words. It indicates that participants with elementary and intermediate L3 proficiency can lack the ability to be aware of crosslinguistic similarity. The binding power of Sino-Korean words as a source of lemmatic transfer, and lexemic transfer grounded on the actual similarity of L1-L3 cognate pronunciation and Chinese’ subjective frequency on the L2-L3 English loanwords suggest that the perception on the crosslinguistic similarity through either meaning or form is required for L3 transfer to occur. The discussion on the findings is followed by an examination on future research possibilities and pedagogical implications.
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