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레이첼 카슨(Rachel Carson)과 신유물론

Rachel Carson and the New Materialism

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초록

본 연구는, 해양생물학자이자 여성 문필가로서 20세기 중반 일련의 기념비적 생태주의 저작들을 출간한 레이첼 카슨(Rachel Carson)의 작품들을 21세기 초에 등장한 존재론적 전환(ontological turn), 혹은 물질적 전회(material turn)의 맥락에서 분석하는 작업을 담고 있다. 이를 위해 필자들은 카슨의 주저작인 『침묵의 봄』 외에도 이른바 해양 삼부작으로 불리우는 『바닷바람을 맞으며』, 『우리를 둘러싼 바다』, 『바다의 가장자리』의 저서들을 신유물론(new materialism)적 관점에서 ‘다시읽기’하였다. 이를 통해서 카슨의 목소리를 탈(脫)-인간중심주의의 비인간 정치학(nonhuman politics)과 객체지향존재론(object-oriented ontology)의 관점에서 재구축하고자 하였고, 그녀의 저작들을 관통하는 입장이 21세기 초에 급부상하고 있는 수평적 존재론(flat ontology)과 일맥상통함을 보이고자 하였다. 다소 과장하자면 카슨은 신유물론이라는 용어가 등장하기 이전에 이미 신유물론자였으며, 객체지향존재론이라는 용어가 등장하기 이전에 이미 객체지향존재론자였다고도 할 수 있을 것이다. 결론적으로 카슨의 저술들은 현재 급부상하는 인류세(anthropocene) 담론 및 신유물론의 담론과 어우러지는 존재론적 전환을 예비한 글쓰기였다.

Abstract

This paper aims to show that Rachel Carson, who was a female oceanographer as well as a bestselling author in the mid 20th century was an important harbinger of the new materialism. Carson published series of books regarding ecology. Perhaps her most well-known book is Silent Spring which was published in 1962, and it is often cited as the origin of modern ecological movements. In this article, we try to re-read Carson’s Silent Spring as well as Under the Sea-Wind (1941), The Sea Around Us (1951), and The Edge of the Sea (1955). By re-reading Carson’s major works in the scope of new materialism, we will show that Carson’s work was not only a starting point of modern ecological thoughts, but also had the germinal characteristics of the nonhuman turn.

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