“삶은 습관이다”: 사무엘 베케트의 해체적 생태학
“Life is Habit”: Samuel Beckett’s Deconstructive Ecology
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이 논문은 20세기 아일랜드 극작가로 잘 알려진 사무엘 베케트의 소설에 나타난 습관의 문제를 생태학적 관점에서 점검한다. 베케트 문학 연구에서 습관의 주제는 종종 언급되었으나 대체로 연극, 라디오, 텔레비전을 아우르는 그의 극문학과 결부되어 연구되곤 했으며, 특히 현상학적 관점에서 신체화 구현의 문제에 국한되어 이야기된 바 있다. 그러나 베케트 문학의 중요한 부분을 이루면서도 상대적으로 적은 학문적 관심사를 받아온 그의 소설 작품들이 습관이 제기하는 복잡한 문제를 깊게 다루고 있다는 점은 오랫동안 주목받지 못했다. 이러한 학문적 공백을 지적하며 이 논문은 <<프루스트>>와 <<3부작 소설>>에 주목하여, 습관의 담론이 베케트에 이르러 탈인본주의와 탈주체의 미학을 넘어 하나의 생태 윤리로 발현되는 양상을 추적한다. 베케트의 소설에서 습관은 특정 개인이나 사회에서 발견되는 문화적 관습에 국한되지 않으며, 인물을 둘러싼 세계, 그리고 소설을 추동하는 서사의 작동 방식이자 인간과 비인간, 생물과 무생물을 잇는 연결고리다. 이 논문은 베케트가 제시하는 습관의 양가성이 환경의 산물이자 환경과 함께 살아가는 개체로서 인간을 재사유하고, 목적성과 도덕성, 계발과 개발의 인간적 가치와 수사로부터 철저하게 거리를 두는 해체적 생태학의 가능성으로 이어진다고 주장한다. 이를 통해 습관에 대해 최근 부상한 인문학적이며 사회과학적인 관심사를 소개하고 그 담론을 풍부하게 하는 데 이바지하는 한편, 철학과 신경학, 인지과학과 문학 사이의 대화를 마련하고자 한다.
Abstract
This paper explores the problem of habit in the novels of Samuel Beckett, a renowned 20th-century Irish playwright, from an ecological perspective. Scholarly discussions on habit in Beckett studies have been confined to his dramatic works, such as theater, radio, and television, typically focusing on embodiment from a phenomenological viewpoint. However, little attention has been paid to how Beckett’s novels, a significant part of his body of work, deeply engage with the complexities of habit. Addressing this critical gap, the paper examines Proust and Three Novels, investigating how Beckett’s discourse on habit evolves into an ethical ecology that moves beyond posthumanist and post-subjective aesthetics. In Beckett’s novels, habit is not limited to cultural practices of individuals or societies but functions as the narrative mechanism and the ontological principle of characters, revealing the continuity of humans and non-humans, the living and the non-living, and the organic and the inorganic. Beckett’s exploration of habit’s ambivalence leads to an understanding of humans as at once determined by and living with their environment, prosposing a deconstructive ecology that distances itself from the humanist rhetorics of purpose, morality, development, and cultivation. The paper ultimately aims to enrich recent discussions in the humanities and social sciences about habit, fostering a dialogue between philosophy, cognitive and behavior science, and literature.
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