작업치료사의 클라이언트-중심 실행에 대한 인식과 실태
Awareness of Client-centered Practice in Occupational Therapists
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본 연구는 작업치료사의 클라이언트-중심 실행에 대한 인식과 실태를 알아보고 임상환경의 클라이언트-중심 실행에 관해 실증적 관점에서 논의하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 눈덩이 표본추출법을 통해 작업치료사 155명을 대상으로 클라이언트-중심 실행에 대한 설문을 분석하였다. 클라이언트-중심 실행에 대한 설문내용은 클라이언트-중심 실행의 인식과 목표-설정 과정에 대한 실행능력으로써 방법, 전략, 역할, 참여, 중요성에 대한 13개 질문이었다. 작업치료사의 클라이언트-중심 실행에 대한 인식수준은 긍정적으로 나타났다. 클라이언트가 원하는 치료를 적용할 수 없는 이유로 84.1%의 작업치료사가 환경적인 문제를 지적하였다. 클라이언트의 참여 유도를 시행하는 과정에서 제한점은 '클라이언트의 부정적 반응', '부족한 시간', '일반적으로 사용하지 않음' 순으로 나타났다. 근무기관 유형에 따른 클라이언트-중심 실행의 비교는 클라이언트의 참여 유도, 목표에 대한 인식과 중요성 인식에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 중재방법에 따른 클라이언트-중심 실행 비교는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 작업치료사의 임상경력이 높아질수록 클라이언트-중심 실행의 수준이 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 작업치료사가 치료과정에서 클라이언트-중심 실행을 수행하기 위해서는 치료과정에 대한 명확한 방향 설정과 충분한 클라이언트 교육, 그리고 작업치료 관련 정책 개선 및 클라이언트 중심의 병원 환경이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions and realities of the client-centered practice (CCP) of occupational therapists and discussed client-centered practice of empirical perspectives in clinical situations. This study analyzed the questionnaire of the CCP in 155 occupational therapists through snowball sampling. In the questionnaire about the CCP, we developed 13 questions about the method, strategy, role, participation, and importance as perception of CCP and ability to goal-settings. The perception of the CCP of occupational therapists was positive. 84.1% of occupational therapists pointed out environmental problems for reason the client could not apply the desired treatment. The limitations in the process of inducing client's participation were 'client's negative response', 'time', and 'not generally used'. The comparison of the CCP of occupational therapists according to facility type showed significant difference in inducing clients' participation, perception of client’s own goals and perception of importance. There was a significant difference in the comparison of the CCP according to intervention methods. The higher the clinical experience of occupational therapists, the higher the level of the CCP. In order for occupational therapists to perform the CCP in the treatment-process, clear goal setting, sufficient clients education, improvement of occupational therapy-related policies, and client-friendly hospital environment should be established.
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