환경은 창의성을 어떻게 조형하는가?
How does the environment shape creativity?
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초록
창의성에 대한 최근의 이론들은 개인 중심의 연구 접근에서 벗어나 환경 중심 변인들과 개인 중심 변인들의 통합의 필요성을 제기한다. 환경은 창의성을 정의하고 평가할 뿐 아니라 창의성을 자극하고 지원하는데 관련된다. 여기에서는 먼저 창의성 연구에 있어서 사회적 접근이 갖는 의미를 살펴보았으며 거시적 환경으로서 문화 환경과 미시적이고 직접적인 환경으로서 가정환경 및 학교환경의 영향에 대해 검토해보았다. 특정 문화는 창의성을 조장시킬 수 있는 요소들과 창의성을 억압하는 요소들을 함께 내포할 수 있으며, 또한 문화적 특징들은 모든 영역에서 같은 정도로 작용하지 않는다. 창의성 발달을 북돋워주는 가정 및 학교 환경은 지적 자극과 지원이 풍부하며 아동이 심리적으로 위협받지 않고 자기 확신을 가질 수 있는 자유로운 환경이어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Early thinking of creativity often regarded creativity as a somewhat asocial means of individual expression, self-realization. However creativity also is socially inflenced phenomenon that serves society. Recent approaches of creativity emphasize that a confluence of environment-centered variables and person-centered variables is necessary for creativity. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of envionment on creativity. First, the social aspect of creativity is emphasized in four dimensions. Concerning the environment, this study discusses the effects of the culture, the family and the school on creativity. The environment may be involved in stimulating and supporting creativity as well as defining and evaluating it. The environment may provide a set of faciliating and inhibiting conditions for creativity.
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