창의적 사고 기법의 분류 체계에 관한 문헌 고찰
A Literature Review on the Classifications of Creative Thinking Techniques
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초록
오래전부터 창의성의 교육과 개발은 영재교육의 영역에서 뿐만 아니라 일반교육의 영역에서도 매우 중요한 목표로 자리매김하였다. 그런 이유로 창의성을 신장시키기 위한 다양한 접근들이 제시됐는데, 그중에서도 가장 중요한 접근 중의 하나로 고려되어 온 것은 다양한 창의적 사고 기법을 활용한 창의적 사고 능력의 직접적인 개발이다. 이러한 목적을 위해 사용할 수 있는 창의적 사고 기법은 이미 많이 개발되어 있다. 그러나 이들 각각의 창의적 사고 기법에 내재하여 있는 핵심적인 인지적 요소 및 과정이 정확히 무엇이며, 다양한 창의적 사고 기법이 이러한 인지적 요소 및 과정의 측면에서 어떠한 유사점과 차이점을 보이는지에 관한 체계적인 분석과 설명은 아직 부족한 상황이다. 이러한 점에서 창의적 사고 기법에 내재하여 있는 중요한 인지적 요소와 과정을 분석하고, 이들 인지적 과정을 촉진하기 위해 각각의 창의적 사고 기법이 사용하는 중요한 전략과 방법은 무엇인지에 관한 체계적인 분석이 요청된다. 이러한 문제의식에 바탕을 둔 본 연구의 주요 목적은 창의적 사고의 핵심적인 인지적 과정에 관한 이론과 창의적 사고기법의 분류에 관한 기존 문헌을 고찰하여, 창의적 사고의 주요 인지적 과정이 창의적 사고 기법에 관한 분류체계에 어떻게 반영되고 있는지를 살펴보고, 이와 함께 창의성의 주요 인지적 과정에 관한 이론과 기존 분류체계를 통해 생각해 볼 수 있는 교육적, 이론적 함의를 탐색하는 데 있다.
Abstract
Developing creativity is one of the primary goals of education both for gifted and for average students. Accordingly, diverse approaches for creativity education have been suggested. One of the approaches that have been widely adopted is to develop students' creative thinking abilities directly by using diverse creative thinking techniques. To date, a multitude of creative thinking techniques/methods have been developed and used for this approach. However, it has not been clearly analyzed and explained what are the cognitive components and processes that each of these different creative thinking techniques intends to stimulate and develop. The lack of this clear and elaborated explanation could be a major barrier to understanding, selecting, and using each creative thinking technique for different students and educational situations/settings. Thus, there is a call for a research clarifying what are the underlying cognitive components and processed involved different types of creative thinking techniques. Based on this rationale, the present literature review aimed at providing some useful guidelines for choosing and using creativity techniques through a critical, comprehensive analysis of the exiting literatures on the theories of creative cognition and the literatures on the classifications of creative thinking techniques. Based on the findings of the literature review, this review also intended to suggest some important educational and theoretical implications, especially focusing on the wise and appropriate selection and uses of different creative thinking techniques.
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