1980년대 검열과 제도적 민주화

Abstract

Korean cultural history in the 1980s, which was a chain of upheaval and transformations, marked the pluralistic and dynamic changes. Studies on censorship provides useful perspectives in order to grasp the divergence of cultural movements and the common logic between its different phases. Especially, censorship in the 1980s shows that distinctiveness of the censorship system in post-colonial and Cold War period, and it is also useful in grasping the development of Korean culture in the post-Cold War era. The censorship until the ‘June 29 Declaration’ in 1987 reached the peak of cultural suppression as it was activated complementarily that governmental censorship and controls based on the new-established Fundamental Act on the Media and the revised National Security Law. It was once created social-cultural appeasement because a series of liberalization policies and open-door policies for the communist bloc was pushed, but these polices was abolished and replaced the more forceful cultural oppression. It were developed that war of thought and propaganda as ideological warfare of all social-cultural bodies including government power, while social conflict surfaced since confiscation of ideological books and duplicated censorship of the performances. It arose that struggles against American cultural invasion in Korea when the US put on pressure Korean government into revising the copyright law, joining the World Copyright Convention, and allowing direct distribution of American movies. When the Cold War cultural taboos were collapsed with the June 29 Declaration in 1987 and the July 7 Declaration in 1988, it started a feeding frenzy for establishing a new censorship system. Authorities strengthened informal control of culture, while others lasted all-out war for democratization of cultural system with nonnegotiable conflicts. As the oppressive laws on culture wasn’t abolished, democratization of cultural system was frustrated in the end. the unfinished agendas of cultural democratization still affected on censorship in post-cold war period Especially, censorship of The complex process of discarding, sustaining and transforming the agenda, unfinished, and unresolved elements of cultural democracy continues in the post-Cold War censorship. In particular, censorship on obscenity entered a new phase since Ma Kwang-soo’s Happy Sara trial, which was the first step of long and tortuous process to create a new standard for censorship on obscenity.