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논문KCI 등재

영재성의 뇌신경해부학적 기저와 그 기능

The Neuro-Anatomical and Functional Characteristics of Giftedness

강갑원
한국영재교육학회 (The Korean Society for Gifted and Talented)|2016.12|영재와 영재교육 (The Journal of the Korean Society for Gifted and Talented)|제15권 제4호|pp. 5-31|DOI 10.17839/jksgt.2016.15.4.5

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참고문헌

키워드

작업기억전전두엽Working Memory신경 효율성Neural Network회백질Neural PlasticityWhite MatterGray Matter백질유동적 추리뇌의 가소성신경 네트워크Prefrontal CortexFluid AnalogyNeural Efficacy

초록

본 연구는 영재성의 뇌신경해부학적 기저와 그 기능이 무엇인지 선행 연구 결과를 분석하여 확인하는 데에 목적이 있다. 영재가 지적 능력이 뛰어난 것은 정보처리의 질을 결정하는 회백질과 정보처리 속도와 신경 간 교류를 결정하는 백질이 많고, 유동적 추리를 포함한 일반 지능, 집중력, 메타인지, 작업기억를 결정하는 전전두엽 기능이 우수하기 때문이다. 좌우 뇌, 특히 전두엽과 두정엽 간의 네트워크, 신경망내 또는 신경망간의 신경 교류가 뛰어나고 신경효율성이 우수하다. 창의성이 높은 것은 전전두엽의 메타 인지, 작업 기억이 우수하고 신경망 간의 교류가 활발하고, 뇌의 가소성이 높은 것과 관련이 있다. 과제동기가 높은 것은 전전두엽이 보상과 관련이 있는 기저핵, 지적 호기심과 관련이 있는 전대상피질과의 강한 연결 때문인 것으로 추측된다.

Abstract

The study is aimed at identifying the neuro-anatomical and functional characteristics of the gifted brain. In order to accomplish this goal, a significant amount of literature related to this question were analysed. The results are as follows: First, high intelligence is related positively with the size of the brain (average r=.3~.5). Second, the neuro-structure base of high intelligence is gray matter, white matter, neural connections among brain networks, and neural plasticity. Third, the neuro-anatomical base of high intelligence is work memory and neural efficiency. Fourth, the neuro-anatomical base of high intelligence of giftedness is the frontal cortex, especially the bilateral prefrontal cortex, which is the center of meta-cognition and plays an important role in the selective attention and inhibition process. A gifted individual's high-quality cognition happens because of a combination of these factors. Fifth, the neuro-anatomical base of high creativity is the functional combinations among the pre-frontal cortex, high neural connection, working memory, and fluid reasoning. Sixth, the neuro-anatomical base of high task motivation is the combinations of frontal cortex with anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and pre-limbic system.

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