영재 판별을 위한 지능검사의 타당성 고찰
The validity of an Intelligence Scale for the identification of the gifted
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지능검사는 영재를 판별위한 도구로 가장 오랫동안 사용되어왔다. 그러나 최근 지능검사가 영재판별을 위한 도구로 사용되는 것에는 여러 가지 문제가 있다는 비판이 많다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 영재판별을 위한 도구로서 사용되고 있는 지능검사들의 요인과 특징을 살펴보고 이들이 영재판별을 위한 도구로 얼마나 타당한가를 검토하는 것이다. 본 연구는 영재판별을 위해 가장 기초가 되는 영재성의 정의와 판별의 기준을 검토하였고, 이어서 영재판별을 위해 지금까지 많이 사용되어 온 스탠포드-비네 지능검사, WISC-Ⅲ, WPPSI, K-ABC, K-RPM, 그림지능검사(PTI) 등 총 6 가지 지능검사의 측정요인과 특징을 살펴보았다. 다음으로는 영재판별을 위한 검사 점수들을 종합하는 5가지 방법인 매트릭스법, 표준점수법, 다중합격선법, 총제적인 사례연구법, 중다회귀법 등을 소개하였고, 마지막으로 영재판별의 방법론적 과제를 검토하였다. 결론과 제언에서 연구자는 영재판별의 타당성을 높이기 위해서는 우선 영재성의 개념이 명확하게 확립되어야 하며, 이를 타당하게 측정하기 위해서는 타당한 측정도구가 있어야 하는데 아직까지 지능검사만큼 영재성을 신뢰롭고 타당하게 측정하는 도구는 찾기 어렵다고 결론짓고 있다.
Abstract
An Intelligence Scale has long been used as a tool to identify the gifted. But there are recently many criticism identifying the gifted by intelligence scale. With the consequence that the purpose of this study is to examine the factors and characteristics of intelligence scale and how they were valid to identify the gifted. First of all, this study investigated the definition of giftedness and the identification methods as basic standard to identify the gifted. Second, in this study, 6 intelligence scales(Standford-Binet intelligence scale, WISC-III, WPPSI, K-ABC, K-RPM, PCI) which have been widely used to judge the gifted child were examined. Thirdly, 5 score summing methods (matrix method, average score method, multi-cut off Method, Case Study and multiple regression method) used to idetify the gifted were introduced. And The last, the methodological tasks for the gifted discernment were examined. In conclusion and ultimatum, the researcher proposed strongly that clear establishment of the concept of giftedness and valid test to increase test validity for the identification of gifted be demanded but it is very difficult to find a better instruments than the intelligence scale up to the present.
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