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서비스 다각화가 병원성과에 미치는 영향: 캘리포니아 병원의 사례

Impact of Service Diversification on Hospital Performance: A Case of Diversified Hospitals in California

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 산업조직경제학에 뿌리를 둔 다각화 이론을 재조명하여 다각화가 조직성과에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 동 이론은 두 가지 경로의 상호작용을 통해 다각화가 조직성과에 미치는 영향을 설명하는데, 그 중 하나는 기존의 연구에서 많이 인용되었던 내부 효율성에 의한 규모의 경제(economy of scope)이고, 다른 하나는 기존의 연구에서 거의 인용되지 않은 다시장 접촉(multi-market contact)이다. 조직이 제품 혹은 서비스를 다각화하게 되면, 경쟁자와 1개 이상의 여러 시장에서 접촉하게 되고, 이 때 기업은 암묵적 담합(tacit collusion)을 통해 높은 가격을 유지하는 등 경쟁보다 상생을 위해 협력할 가능성이 커지는데 이러한 과정이 조직의 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 주장한다. 따라서 다각화가 조직의 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서는 규모의 경제뿐만 아니라 다시장 접촉까지 고려한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구는 미국 캘리포니아의 의료기관의 1995-1999년 5개년간의 종적자료(longitudinal data)를 활용하여 포괄수가제 실시 이후 다각화가 의료기관 성과에 미치는 영향을 두 가지 경로를 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 규모의 경제를 통한 다각화는 의료기관의 성과에 부의 영향을 보였고, 다시장 접촉을 통한 다각화는 정의 영향을 보였다. 또한, 규모의 경제와 다시장 접촉의 효과를 비교한 결과 다시장 접촉이 규모의 경제보다 의료기관의 성과에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 연구결과는 병원의 다각화 효과를 분석할 때, 규모의 경제와 다시장 접촉을 함께 고려하면 좀 더 의미 있는 결과를 도출할 수 있음을 보여 준다.

Abstract

The study was designed to provide an enriched understanding of diversification and performance (D-P) by fully exploring the original theory of diversification, which is rooted in industrial organization (IO) economics. By employing data of 294 diversified general acute care hospitals in California for the period 1995 to 1999, the research which focused specifically on hospital service diversification led to three major findings. First, diversification measured through economy of scope was significantly (negatively) associated with hospital performance. Second, diversification measured through multi-market contact shows a positive relationship with hospital performance. And finally, the effect of diversification on performance measured through multi-market contact was greater than diversification measured through economy of scope, therefore, organizations should pay attention to both economy of scope and multi-market contact when considering diversification.

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