주돌봄제공자인 배우자의 건강과 장기요양등급 인정자의 시설화 결정 간의 관계
Association between spouse caregiver’s health and institutionalization decision of long-term care eligibles
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비공식 돌봄제공은 노동참여를 제약하거나 건강을 악화시키는 실질적 부담이며, 가족 돌봄제공자의 돌봄 부담에 대한 주관적 인식이나 건강 상태가 의료·돌봄 필요를 지닌 노인의 시설화 및 기타 공적 돌봄 서비스 이용에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 고려할 때, 현 가족 돌봄제공자 지원체계가 보다 고도화 될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 주돌봄제공자인 배우자의 건강 변수가 노인의 시설화에 미치는 영향을 중심에 두고, 장기요양등급 인정자의 시설화를 지연하고자 하는 관점에서 가족지원 서비스의 시점과 대상이 누구여야 하는지에 초점을 두고 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 Andersen의 의료이용행태 모형을 기반으로 한 독립변수에 더해 주돌봄제공자인 배우자의 건강변수를 독립변수로 추가하여 모형을 구성한 후, 장기요양등급 인정자의 첫 번째 서비스가 재가서비스일 확률을 로지스틱 회귀모형을 통해 추정하고 첫 번째 서비스로 재가서비스를 선택한 이들에서의 시설화 위험을 경쟁위험분석을 통해 추정하였다. 나아가, 장기요양등급 인정자의 건강상태에 따른 하위그룹 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 주돌봄제공자인 배우자의 건강은 신규 장기요양등급 인정자가 첫번째 서비스로 재가서비스를 선택하는 것과는 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 없었으나, 첫 서비스로 재가급여를 선택한 연구대상자의 시설화 위험을 높이는 것과는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 이 관계는 특히 치매 및 중증도가 높은 노인을 돌보는 경우 두드러지게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 제한된 가족 돌봄제공자 지원 서비스 제공에 있어 시점과 대상의 우선순위를 구체화하고 효과를 모니터링 할 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
Given that informal care provision is a substantial burden that limits labor force participation and worsens health, and that family caregiver's subjective perceptions of their care burden and health status may affect the institutionalization and use of other public care services of older adults with health and care needs, there is a need to further develop the current family caregiver support system. This study investigated the impact of spousal primary caregiver health status on institutionalization of older adults, focusing on the timing and targeting of family support services with the goal of delaying institutionalization of long-term care eligibles. After constructing a model with spousal primary caregiver health status variables as independent variables in addition to the set of independent variables based on Andersen's healthcare utilization model, the probability that the first service of a long-term care eligible is home-based care was estimated through a logistic regression model and the risk of institutionalization among those who chose home-based care as their first service was also estimated using a competing risk analysis. Furthermore, we conducted subgroup analyses by the health status of the long-term care eligibles. The results showed that spousal primary caregiver health was not statistically significantly associated with new long-term care eligibles choosing home-based care as their first service, but was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of institutionalization among those who chose home-based care as their first service. This relationship was particularly strong for care of older adults with dementia and higher levels of severity. Based on our findings, we suggest prioritizing the timing and targeting of limited family caregiver support services and monitoring their effectiveness.
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