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청소년기 경비행행동과 부모양육행동간의 병렬적 잠재성장모형 분석 -청소년에게 부모는 여전히 중요한가?-

Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling of Parent Influences on Delinquent Behaviors in Adolescence

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주제분류사회복지학

초록

본 연구는 중학교 2학년부터 고등학교 3학년 때까지 5년간 반복 측정한 청소년패널 종단자료를 이용하여 부모양육행동의 초기수준과 성장변화율이 청소년 자녀의 경비행행동의 수준과 변화율에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 청소년의 성별, 빈곤가구여부, 가구결손, 중학교 2학년 때의 비행친구와의 교류정도 등을 통제변인으로 설정하였다. 부모와의 유대감, 의사소통, 지도감독 등으로 구성된 부모양육행동은 중학교 3학년부터 고등학교 3학년 때까지 지속적으로 증가하는 성장궤적을 보였다. 음주, 흡연, 가출, 결석 등으로 구성된 청소년기 경비행행동 또한 중 ․ 고등학교 시기를 통해 증가하는 궤적을 보였다. 병렬적 잠재성장모형을 통해 중학교 3학년 시점에서 높은 수준의 부모양육행동을 경험한 청소년의 경우, 고등학교 3학년 때 경비행행동의 경험수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 부모양육행동의 증가추세가 빠르게 이루어지는 경우, 고등학교 3학년 때 경험하는 경비행행동의 수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 비행행동의 변화율에 대한 부모양육행동의 영향을 알아본 결과, 중학교 3학년 시점에서 부모양육행동의 수준이 높을 경우 비행행동의 증가변화율을 둔화시키는 효과가 있음을 보여주었다. 부모양육행동이 긍정적인 방향으로 가파르게 증가하는 경우, 청소년기 비행행동의 증가율을 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 청소년기 비행행동의 감소를 위해 부모양육행동의 초기강화가 중요하며, 청소년기에서도 부모양육행동에 초점을 둔 가족체계개입이 비행행동의 감소 및 완화를 이끌어낼 수 있음을 확인하였다. 결론에서 청소년기 비행행동 감소를 위한 사회복지실천전략과 후속연구를 위한 과제를 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study used two parallel process latent growth curve models to examine the effects of parenting behaviors on changes in children's delinquent behaviors over five years during adolescent period. Five-wave panel data from a Korea Youth Panel Study were used for the parallel process latent growth model analysis. The sample consisted of 3,449 adolescents who were assessed at 5 measurement waves with approximately 1-year interval. Results showed that both adolescent's delinquent behaviors and their parenting behaviors were characterized by positive linear growth over time. The initial level of parenting behaviors held at wave 2 significantly predicted the final outcome of delinquent behaviors at wave 5. The initial level of parenting behaviors was also predictive of the slope factor of delinquent behaviors, indicating that the higher initial level of parenting behaviors was associated with slower increases in delinquent behaviors over time. The higher rates of growth in parenting behaviors were associated with less delinquent behaviors. In addition, the slope factor of parenting behaviors is negatively associated with the slope factor of delinquent behaviors, indicating that the rate of incline in delinquent behaviors was slower for those with higher rates of growth in parenting behaviors. The finding that parenting is strongly linked to delinquency in adolescence, and stresses the importance of prevention strategies early in adolescence. Practical implications as well as future research topics were discussed.

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