그리스 세계의 인간 숭배 전통: 알렉산드로스 이전까지의 신격화 선례를 중심으로

Abstract

The worship to a man arose naturally within the context of Greek ideas of cult and divinity, reflecting concepts fundamental to the religious mentality of Greek polytheism. In this paper I investigated especially the relation of early worship between Orient and Western history, and also focused Greek traditional humane worship. The inquiry of worship to a man related about between Greek and Orient resulted out that there are no relationship in early Greek age. It has grown up by themselves. But after the age of Alexaner the Great, the problem is another one. In this age the Hellenistic Kingdoms based on a divine King from Oriental notion. This would be another problem I should research. The ruler worship was not only a religious issue diverted to political purposes but also a cultural force as a product of mutual relationship among social members in ancient world. Precedents exsisted in archaic and early classical Greece. Heroizing of historical figures in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. provided the immediate background to the rise of the ruler cult at the end of the peloponnesian War. The Greek regard a funtional and practical aspect as important about conception of divinity. So the possibility of human divinity was always open in their society. To them the divinity is special powers of benefit to their community. And they also recognized that they could revere any man who influenced other man or had superior ability. The worship to a man taught to accept a saviour who partook of the elements of both godhead and humanity. This tradition planted its root in Greek culture intensely. So the worship to a man from archaic age had been led to continually up to the age of Aexander the Great. His familly also received this tradition. It remains some evidence about the worship of his familly at the present time. After Alexander the Great the Hellenistic Kingdoms based on notion of a divine King. The divine cults of the Hellenistic age were formulated by the Greeks as the giving of thanks to benefactors. Hellenistic kings were worshipped because they were doners, saviours from danger, founders, and not primarily because they were kings. Hellenistic rulers were both kings and Greek. The cults of the gods were the one model that was available to them for the representation of a power on whom the city was dependent which was external and yet still Greek. By borrowing and adapting this pre-exsiting model of classification it proved to be possible to accomodate the new Hellenistic kings. Therefore we can say that the hellenistic ruler worship also took over context of the traditional Greek worship to a man.