이집트 12왕조 시대 문학작품의 정치적 성격
The Propagandic Nature in the Literary Works of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
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There has been a long history that the literature was used as the political propaganda. It is attested widely in the ancient and modern literature. This paper pursues to demonstrate that many works produced at the twelfth dynasty of Middle Kingdom in ancient Egypt were written to defend the political illegitimacy of the dynasty. The political nature of the literature written during the twelfth dynasty has been pointed out by some scholars, but the comprehensive study has yet to be examined thoroughly. The twelfth dynasty of Middle Kingdom of Egypt were begun by Pharoah Amenemhet I who reigned from 1991 BC to 1962 BC. Amenemhet I was a vizier of his predecessor Mentuhotep IV, overthrowing him from power. Amenemhet I was not of royal lineage, but he established the strong and glorious country with terminating famine and anarchic struggles. Thus a lot of literary works are composed. They include various genres such as inscriptions, didactic literature, songs and hymns, prose tales. It was the time of literary renaissance. In this essay, after an introduction, in chapter 2, I deal with political nature of two literary works produced before the twelfth dynasty. They are forefathers of the propagandic literature of the twelve dynasty. One is “The Memphite Theology” which is a propagandic literature justifying a new capital called Memphis. The other is “The Eloquent Peasant” whose background is set in the first intermediate period. The dialogue between a lord and a peasant shows the picture of ideal king. In chapter 3, I deal with “The prophecy of Neferti” in which the appearance of Amenemhet I was already foretold in the time of Snefru, the first king of the 4th dynasty (2613 2589 BC); “The Story of Sinuhe” in which Sinuhe deifies and praises the king Senwosret I who accepted returning Sinuhe; “The stele of Sehetepibre” in which the phrases of praising and encouraging a king are contained. Three instructions of “The Instruction of Amenemhet I,” “Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage,” “The Instruction of a Man for his Son” where praise the greatness of Pharoah and instruct benefits of king thus teaching to honor and respect Pharoah. The use of various literary genres for the political propaganda shows that elite group of the dynasty produce the works for legitimizing the dynasty and uniting the upper and the lower Egypt including various ethnic groups.
Abstract
There has been a long history that the literature was used as the political propaganda. It is attested widely in the ancient and modern literature. This paper pursues to demonstrate that many works produced at the twelfth dynasty of Middle Kingdom in ancient Egypt were written to defend the political illegitimacy of the dynasty. The political nature of the literature written during the twelfth dynasty has been pointed out by some scholars, but the comprehensive study has yet to be examined thoroughly. The twelfth dynasty of Middle Kingdom of Egypt were begun by Pharoah Amenemhet I who reigned from 1991 BC to 1962 BC. Amenemhet I was a vizier of his predecessor Mentuhotep IV, overthrowing him from power. Amenemhet I was not of royal lineage, but he established the strong and glorious country with terminating famine and anarchic struggles. Thus a lot of literary works are composed. They include various genres such as inscriptions, didactic literature, songs and hymns, prose tales. It was the time of literary renaissance. In this essay, after an introduction, in chapter 2, I deal with political nature of two literary works produced before the twelfth dynasty. They are forefathers of the propagandic literature of the twelve dynasty. One is “The Memphite Theology” which is a propagandic literature justifying a new capital called Memphis. The other is “The Eloquent Peasant” whose background is set in the first intermediate period. The dialogue between a lord and a peasant shows the picture of ideal king. In chapter 3, I deal with “The prophecy of Neferti” in which the appearance of Amenemhet I was already foretold in the time of Snefru, the first king of the 4th dynasty (2613 2589 BC); “The Story of Sinuhe” in which Sinuhe deifies and praises the king Senwosret I who accepted returning Sinuhe; “The stele of Sehetepibre” in which the phrases of praising and encouraging a king are contained. Three instructions of “The Instruction of Amenemhet I,” “Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage,” “The Instruction of a Man for his Son” where praise the greatness of Pharoah and instruct benefits of king thus teaching to honor and respect Pharoah. The use of various literary genres for the political propaganda shows that elite group of the dynasty produce the works for legitimizing the dynasty and uniting the upper and the lower Egypt including various ethnic groups.
참고문헌 (24)
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