오르페우스(Orpeus) 종교의 특징과 사상적 전승

Abstract

The article is focused on examining the characteristics of Orpheus religion and the ideological tradition. The Orpheus religion were already established at Athens in the time of Peisistratos. The Orpheus religion issued a challenge to the time󰠏honoured code of aristocratic morality. The Orpheus religion was concerned with the individual man’s salvation and hope for a better life after death. The Orpheus religion were bound together by personal ties, and their mysticism was consequently more individualistic. Not being state󰠏controlled, they developed more fully and consistently the essential function of mystical religion. The myth of the Titanic󰠏Dionysian origin of mans created the belief that the body was the tomb of the soul, the σώμα󰠏σήμα dogma. The soul is imprisoned in the body. The body is the tomb of the soul. The Orphic life is determined above all by dietary taboos. This kind of purity stans in polar opposition to the initiation in which animal sacrifices are generally involved. It appears in varying forms in the Pythagoreans and Plato’s works. The Pythagoreans share with the Orpheus religion the view that life is trouble and punishment. The Pythagoreans had taken over the soma󰠏sema dogma from the Orpheus religion. Common to both sects were the doctrines of transmigration and retribution in the hereafter, purification, and the prohibition of meat. The Pythagoreans observed other taboos besides abstinence from meat, and invested them with an ethical significance. They believed in the moral responsibility of the individual for his actions. They believed in the immortality of the soul, and that the souls of the pure, after being freed from the wheel of birth. They cultivate music as a means of purifying the soul from the contamination of the body. Their rites of burial were designed to secure their personal salvation. Such in the doctrine as we find it in Plato. This dualism is something new in Greek thought. For the Orpheus religion, this belief in the latent divinity and immortality of the human soul was central. The Orpheus religion belong to one and the same current of religious ideas.