로마 트리부스 입법 및 사법 민회에서 추첨과 투표기록판(tabulae)의 역할을 통해본 집단 투표

Abstract

This paper aims to understand the characters of group voting in the light of the role of the lot and the tablets(tabulae) in legislative and judicial Comitia Tributa. Fraccaro established beyond doubt that all the tribes in legislative and judicial tribal assemblies(Comitia Tributa) voted in succession. Hall argued that all the tribes in these assemblies voted successively, in an order determined by lot. According to Staveley, if an issue in these assemblies got an absolute majority of tribes, these assemblies were dismissed before being called upon to cast the remaining tribes' votes. My main points are as follows. First, the tribes in legislative and judicial tribal assemblies voted successively in an order determined by lot. Secondly, the lot in legislative and judicial tribal assemblies would have played an important role not only to the voting and announcements of tribes, but also to all the voters in the tribes. Thirdly, tabulae are tablets on which guards(custodes) put dots representing the voters' votes. The tablets would have been the evidences for showing that only the voters in tribes selected by lot cast their votes, and that, if an issue in these assemblies secured an absolute majority of tribes, all the voters in tribes not selected by lot would have agreed to the voting result by Jupiter Optimus Maximus, the god of the lot. Finally, if an issue in these assemblies got an absolute majority of tribes, then the issue would have secured the votes of the remaining tribes. Therefore, these assemblies were dismissed without voting and announcements of the remaining tribes.