기원전 6-5세기 아테나이의 현실정치와 테세우스 신화
Athenian Politics and Theseus in 6-5th Century B.C.
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Theseus cult, in the early 7th century, was not very famous a legend which comprised only five motives including Ariadne, Persephone, Helen, Centaurs and Minotaur. However, from the 6th century, the leaders of Athens became aware of the political effectiveness of mythic cults and began to make use of them. The famous tyrant, Peisistratos may plausibly be judged as the first Athenian leader to make political use of myth and hero cult. However, the important turning point for Theseus cult was brought to surface by Cleisthenes. Various legends of Theseus which had built up to form a cycle of Theseus' toils are the evidence of turning point in 510BC. After the Persian Wars, Cimon stressed the heroic character of Theseus to publicize his oligarchic pride. On the other hand, Pericles emphasized Theseus' democratic side by illustrating him as the tyrant slayers whom themselves were the heroes of the time already. By 420BC, Theseus accomplished the image of democratic king which is well demonstrated in the tragedies of Euripides and Sophocles. In these works, Theseus appears as a true friend who is himself another name of moderation, wisdom, courage, piety, and generosity. These virtues of Theseus can again be directly connected to the Athenian virtues. Development of Theseus cult is practically the result of the mutual effect of history and myth, and this is the reason why we can understand Athenian politics through the Theseus cult.
Abstract
Theseus cult, in the early 7th century, was not very famous a legend which comprised only five motives including Ariadne, Persephone, Helen, Centaurs and Minotaur. However, from the 6th century, the leaders of Athens became aware of the political effectiveness of mythic cults and began to make use of them. The famous tyrant, Peisistratos may plausibly be judged as the first Athenian leader to make political use of myth and hero cult. However, the important turning point for Theseus cult was brought to surface by Cleisthenes. Various legends of Theseus which had built up to form a cycle of Theseus' toils are the evidence of turning point in 510BC. After the Persian Wars, Cimon stressed the heroic character of Theseus to publicize his oligarchic pride. On the other hand, Pericles emphasized Theseus' democratic side by illustrating him as the tyrant slayers whom themselves were the heroes of the time already. By 420BC, Theseus accomplished the image of democratic king which is well demonstrated in the tragedies of Euripides and Sophocles. In these works, Theseus appears as a true friend who is himself another name of moderation, wisdom, courage, piety, and generosity. These virtues of Theseus can again be directly connected to the Athenian virtues. Development of Theseus cult is practically the result of the mutual effect of history and myth, and this is the reason why we can understand Athenian politics through the Theseus cult.
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